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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis

Published on: August 12, 2020

Late-Onset Sepsis in the Periviable Neonate.

Denise Kirsten¹, Kelly Sulo²

¹Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.

Neonatal Network : NN

|July 7, 2026

Summary

This case study highlights the critical challenges in treating late-onset sepsis in extremely premature infants. Aggressive antimicrobial therapy may not prevent rapid deterioration and death from Gram-negative bacteremia in these vulnerable neonates.

Keywords:

case report infection periviable pharmacology sepsis

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A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis

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Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

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Published on: November 20, 2015

A Controlled Mouse Model for Neonatal Polymicrobial Sepsis

A Controlled Mouse Model for Neonatal Polymicrobial Sepsis

Published on: January 27, 2019

Area of Science:

Neonatal Medicine
Infectious Diseases
Pediatric Critical Care

Background:

Extreme prematurity and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) pose significant risks for neonates.
Late-onset sepsis is a serious complication in high-risk infant populations.
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is common in infants born at <24 weeks gestation.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the clinical course and treatment challenges of late-onset sepsis in a periviable infant.
To emphasize the difficulties in managing sepsis in extremely premature neonates.
To highlight the potential for rapid decompensation despite aggressive medical interventions.

Main Methods:

Case report of a female infant born at 23 0/7 weeks' gestation.
Evaluation for late-onset sepsis at 2 weeks of life.
Administration of empiric and broadened antibiotic coverage.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) following a bradycardic/desaturation event.

Main Results:

The infant required escalating respiratory support and broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Despite maximal medical therapy, the infant's clinical status worsened.
Blood cultures confirmed Gram-negative bacteremia post-mortem.
The infant experienced a fatal bradycardic/desaturation event requiring CPR.

Conclusions:

Late-onset sepsis presents significant treatment challenges in periviable infants.
Rapid clinical deterioration can occur even with aggressive antimicrobial therapy.
Gram-negative bacteremia poses a severe threat to extremely premature neonates.