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Colour polymorphism in owls is linked to light variability.

Arianna Passarotto1, Deseada Parejo2,3, Vincenzo Penteriani4,5

  • 1Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Experimental Station of Arid Zones (EEZA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 04120, Almería, Spain. ariannapassarotto84@gmail.com.

Oecologia
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Owl color polymorphism varies greatly, driven by adaptive traits. Species in diverse light conditions and lower trophic levels show more color variation, suggesting disruptive selection maintains these differences.

Keywords:
Activity rhythmComparative methodsDisruptive selectionLuminosityOwls polymorphism

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Area of Science:

  • * Ornithology
  • * Evolutionary Biology
  • * Ecology

Background:

  • * Owls exhibit significant variation in color polymorphism, but the evolutionary drivers are debated.
  • * Understanding these drivers is key to explaining biodiversity patterns in avian species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the evolutionary mechanisms behind owl color polymorphism.
  • * To test the niche divergence hypothesis and explore co-evolution between color polymorphism and ecological traits.
  • * To determine if environmental factors influence the evolution of owl coloration.

Main Methods:

  • * Analysis of data from all extant owl species.
  • * Application of advanced comparative methods in evolutionary biology.
  • * Examination of correlations between color polymorphism and ecological factors like habitat and trophic level.

Main Results:

  • * Owls in variable light environments (diurnal/crepuscular, mixed habitats) are more likely to be color polymorphic.
  • * Changes in the light niche appear necessary for the evolution of color polymorphism.
  • * Color polymorphism is more common in owls at lower trophic levels, potentially due to crypsis advantages.

Conclusions:

  • * Owl color polymorphism is an adaptive trait influenced by environmental conditions.
  • * Disruptive selection, favoring different morphs in varied environments, likely maintains polymorphism.
  • * Ecological factors, particularly light niche and trophic position, are critical in shaping owl coloration diversity.