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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

277
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
277
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

334
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
334
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

246
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
246
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

310
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
310

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Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
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Pediatric angiostrongyliasis.

F Lombard1, D Basset2, G Cambonie2

  • 1CH Rodez, Service de pédiatrie, Rodez, France.

Medecine Et Sante Tropicales
|April 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Angiostrongyliasis, a parasitic infection, causes eosinophilic meningitis, particularly severe in children. Early diagnosis and treatment with corticosteroids and anthelmintics are crucial for this emergent disease.

Keywords:
angiostrongyliasischildreneosinophilsmeningitis

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Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Angiostrongyliasis is an emergent parasitic disease caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae.
  • It is the leading global cause of eosinophilic meningitis, often transmitted to humans through accidental contact with infected mollusks.
  • While typically benign in adults, the infection poses a more severe threat to children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis and treatment of human angiostrongyliasis.
  • To highlight the clinical features and diagnostic approaches for this parasitic meningitis.
  • To emphasize the critical need for preventive measures against Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection.
  • Analysis of clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and treatment strategies.
  • Examination of epidemiological data and transmission routes.

Main Results:

  • Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis is the primary clinical manifestation.
  • Diagnosis relies on epidemiological data, clinical symptoms (fever, meningitis, neurological signs), and laboratory findings (hypereosinophilia in blood and CSF).
  • Treatment involves corticosteroids combined with anthelmintics.

Conclusions:

  • Angiostrongyliasis is a life-threatening parasitic disease, especially in pediatric cases.
  • Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for managing eosinophilic meningitis.
  • Preventive actions are necessary to control the spread of Angiostrongylus cantonensis.