Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Multi-input and Multi-variable systems

Multi-input and Multi-variable systems

Cruise control systems in cars are designed as multi-input systems to maintain a driver's desired speed while compensating for external disturbances such as changes in terrain. The block diagram for a cruise control system typically includes two main inputs: the desired speed set by the driver and any external disturbances, such as the incline of the road. By adjusting the engine throttle, the system maintains the vehicle's speed as close to the desired value as possible.
In the absence of...

Polygenic Traits

Polygenic Traits

When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...

Multi-Step Reactions

Multi-Step Reactions

Chemical reactions often occur in a stepwise fashion involving two or more distinct reactions taking place in a sequence. A balanced equation indicates the reacting species and the product species, but it reveals no details about how the reaction occurs at the molecular level. The reaction mechanism (or reaction path) provides details regarding the precise, step-by-step process by which a reaction occurs. Each of the steps in a reaction mechanism is called an elementary reaction. These...

Multiple Allele Traits

Multiple Allele Traits

The Concept of Multiple Allelism

Trait and State Self-Esteem

Trait and State Self-Esteem

The term self-esteem is often used generically, to refer to how people feel about themselves. However, according to research, there are three distinct constructs that should not be used interchangeably (Brown & Marshall, 2006).

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Multi-omic analysis of deep learning-derived phenotypes links ophthalmic imaging to cardiovascular and neurological traits.

Nature cardiovascular research·2026

Same author

A panel of medaka isogenic lines suggests individual, seasonal, and sexual genetic variation of <i>bdnf</i> gene expression in the brain.

Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience·2026

Same author

The Human Pleiotropic Map of GWAS Associations and Therapeutic Implications.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Medaka: a novel model for analyzing genome-environment interactions.

Trends in genetics : TIG·2026

Same author

Discovery and characterization of gene-by-environment and epistatic genetic effects in a vertebrate model.

Cell genomics·2026

Same author

Insights and emerging perspectives from the 2025 Medaka PI/ERC IndiGene meeting: Heidelberg July 22-24, 2025.

Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Determination of Self-Incompatibility and Inter-Incompatibility Relationships in Citrus Using Manual Pollination, Microscopy, and S-Genotype Analyses

Determination of Self-Incompatibility and Inter-Incompatibility Relationships in Citrus Using Manual Pollination, Microscopy, and S-Genotype Analyses

Published on: June 30, 2023

PhenotypeSimulator: A comprehensive framework for simulating multi-trait, multi-locus genotype to phenotype

Hannah Verena Meyer¹, Ewan Birney¹

¹European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)

|April 5, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

PhenotypeSimulator is a new R package for simulating complex phenotypes. This tool supports multi-trait and multi-locus genetic analyses, aiding method development and assessment.

More Related Videos

A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates

A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates

Published on: February 23, 2018

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Determination of Self-Incompatibility and Inter-Incompatibility Relationships in Citrus Using Manual Pollination, Microscopy, and S-Genotype Analyses

Determination of Self-Incompatibility and Inter-Incompatibility Relationships in Citrus Using Manual Pollination, Microscopy, and S-Genotype Analyses

Published on: June 30, 2023

A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates

A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates

Published on: February 23, 2018

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Area of Science:

Genetics
Bioinformatics
Computational Biology

Background:

Method development and assessment in genetic analysis require robust simulation tools.
Increasing complexity of genetic analysis techniques necessitates flexible simulation capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a comprehensive phenotype simulation scheme for complex genetic analyses.
To provide a flexible tool for challenging and exploring the properties of genetic analysis methods.

Main Methods:

Developed PhenotypeSimulator, an R package for phenotype simulation.
The scheme models multiple traits, multiple genetic loci, complex covariates, and observational noise.
Designed for compatibility with common genetic analysis tools for input and output.

Main Results:

PhenotypeSimulator can model intricate genetic architectures and covariate structures.
The tool facilitates the evaluation of genetic analysis methods under various scenarios.
Demonstrated utility through an example dataset analysis.

Conclusions:

PhenotypeSimulator offers a flexible and comprehensive solution for phenotype simulation in genetic research.
The package supports advanced genetic analyses, aiding in method development and validation.
Available as an R/CRAN package with open-source code on GitHub.