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Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
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Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Data Collection on Marine Litter Ingestion in Sea Turtles and Thresholds for Good Environmental Status
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Foreign Body Ingestion in Children.

Ji Hyuk Lee1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.

Clinical Endoscopy
|April 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Foreign body ingestion in children often requires prompt medical attention. Guidelines detail timely endoscopic or surgical removal based on the object and its location to prevent serious complications.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Clinical Practice Guidelines

Background:

  • Foreign body (FB) ingestion is a frequent occurrence in young children, typically aged 6 months to 3 years.
  • While most ingested foreign bodies pass naturally, some necessitate endoscopic or surgical intervention, posing a challenge in pediatric gastroenterology.
  • Factors influencing management decisions include patient age, clinical status, ingestion details, and FB characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline critical parameters for determining the appropriate timing of endoscopic removal for ingested foreign bodies in children.
  • To provide clear recommendations for managing esophageal and gastrointestinal foreign bodies based on type, location, and patient presentation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical parameters influencing foreign body management in pediatric patients.
Keywords:
ChildEndoscopyForeign bodies

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  • Analysis of established guidelines for endoscopic and surgical interventions for various types of ingested foreign bodies.
  • Categorization of foreign body types (e.g., button batteries, coins, magnets, sharp objects) and their recommended management timelines.

    • Main Results:

    • Esophageal button batteries demand immediate removal due to severe complication risks, irrespective of symptoms.
    • Coins, magnets, or sharp objects in the esophagus require removal within 2 hours for symptomatic children and 24 hours for asymptomatic ones.
    • Foreign bodies beyond the stomach, particularly magnets and metallic objects, necessitate surgical consultation for symptomatic cases, while asymptomatic cases may be monitored with serial X-rays.

    Conclusions:

    • Timely and appropriate intervention for pediatric foreign body ingestion is crucial for preventing complications.
    • Management strategies must be tailored based on the specific foreign body, its location, and the child's clinical condition.
    • Adherence to established guidelines ensures optimal outcomes in pediatric foreign body ingestion cases.