Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

26.8K
RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
26.8K
Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

32.6K
Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
32.6K
Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

11.7K
No description available
11.7K
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

10.8K
Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
10.8K
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

3.9K
No description available
3.9K
Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

9.2K
No description available
9.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mechanism and reconstitution of circadian transcription in cyanobacteria.

Nature structural & molecular biology·2026
Same author

Stochastic nature and physiological implications of 5'-NAD RNA cap in bacteria.

Nucleic acids research·2024
Same author

Structure and function of the Si3 insertion integrated into the trigger loop/helix of cyanobacterial RNA polymerase.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2024
Same author

A Non-Functional Carbon Dioxide-Mediated Post-Translational Modification on Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>.

International journal of molecular sciences·2024
Same author

Structure and function of the Si3 insertion integrated into the trigger loop/helix of cyanobacterial RNA polymerase.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same author

Pneumonia in the third year of the pandemic: one eye on the pathogens, the other on the host.

American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
10:59

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

10.2K

RNA capping by mitochondrial and multi-subunit RNA polymerases.

Christina Julius1, Amber Riaz-Bradley1, Yulia Yuzenkova1

  • 1a Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology , Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , NE2 4AX , UK.

Transcription
|April 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondrial RNA polymerase efficiently caps transcripts with ADP-containing cofactors. The functional significance of this universal RNA polymerase-catalyzed capping process remains unclear.

Keywords:
FADNAD+RNA cappingRNA polymeraseUDP-GlcNAcdephospho coenzymeAmitochondrial RNA polymerasenon-canonical cappingtranscription

More Related Videos

Multi-target Parallel Processing Approach for Gene-to-structure Determination of the Influenza Polymerase PB2 Subunit
22:10

Multi-target Parallel Processing Approach for Gene-to-structure Determination of the Influenza Polymerase PB2 Subunit

Published on: June 28, 2013

13.7K
Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase
07:27

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase

Published on: April 29, 2010

14.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
10:59

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

10.2K
Multi-target Parallel Processing Approach for Gene-to-structure Determination of the Influenza Polymerase PB2 Subunit
22:10

Multi-target Parallel Processing Approach for Gene-to-structure Determination of the Influenza Polymerase PB2 Subunit

Published on: June 28, 2013

13.7K
Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase
07:27

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase

Published on: April 29, 2010

14.0K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cellular cofactors cap bacterial and eukaryotic transcripts during transcription initiation.
  • This capping is catalyzed by their respective RNA polymerases (RNAPs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the capping activity of mitochondrial RNA polymerase.
  • To determine if mitochondrial transcripts are capped and by which cofactors.

Main Methods:

  • Biochemical assays to analyze transcript capping by mitochondrial RNA polymerase.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial RNA polymerase efficiently caps transcripts.
  • The identified cofactors contain ADP.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial transcripts are capped by ADP-containing cofactors.
  • The functional role of this universal RNA polymerase-catalyzed capping is not yet understood.