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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism
09:05

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

Published on: February 6, 2017

MicroRNA expression and functions in viral infections.

Rebecca L Skalsky1

  • 1Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA.

Transcription
|July 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and impact viral infections. Both cellular and viral miRNAs can suppress or promote viral life cycles, influencing host defense mechanisms.

Keywords:
MicroRNAsRNA-induced silencingnon-coding RNApathogenesisviral replicationvirus

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression.
  • Cellular miRNAs modulate host responses to viral pathogens.
  • Viruses can encode their own miRNAs to manipulate host cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles of cellular and viral miRNAs in viral infections.
  • To highlight the dual functions of miRNAs in viral life cycles.
  • To discuss how miRNAs influence host antiviral defenses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on miRNAs and viral infections.
  • Analysis of miRNA regulation in host-pathogen interactions.
  • Synthesis of findings on miRNA-mediated suppression and promotion of viral replication.

Main Results:

  • Cellular miRNAs significantly impact host antiviral responses and viral replication.
  • Viral miRNAs can rewire host gene networks and regulate viral antigen expression.
  • miRNA activity is crucial in determining infection outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs, both host and viral, play complex, often dual roles in viral infections.
  • Understanding miRNA functions is critical for deciphering host-pathogen dynamics.
  • miRNAs represent potential targets for antiviral strategies.