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Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Oral Cavity01:11

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The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
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Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair01:24

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The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

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Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
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Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

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The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
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Related Experiment Video

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Modeling Oral-Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in 3D Organoids
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Inflammatory Bacteriome and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

M Perera1,2, N N Al-Hebshi3, I Perera4

  • 11 School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.

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|April 10, 2018
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Summary

This study found that oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues have an inflammatory bacteriome, with specific bacterial genes linked to inflammation, supporting a role for the microbiome in oral cancer development.

Keywords:
16S rRNAbacteriadysbiosishigh-throughput nucleotide sequencingmicrobiomemouth

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Oncology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Oral microbiome studies for oral cancer yield inconsistent results due to focus on composition over function.
  • Functional prediction studies suggest inflammatory bacterial attributes are enriched in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To corroborate findings of enriched inflammatory bacterial attributes in OSCC.
  • To investigate the oral bacteriome's functional and compositional differences in OSCC versus benign controls.

Main Methods:

  • Case-control study comparing 25 OSCC cases and 27 fibroepithelial polyp (FEP) controls.
  • DNA sequencing of V1-V3 regions and species-level classification using BLASTN.
  • Microbiome compositional analysis (QIIME, LEfSe) and functional prediction (PICRUSt).

Main Results:

  • OSCC tissues showed reduced species richness and diversity compared to FEP controls.
  • Specific genera (Capnocytophaga, Pseudomonas, Atopobium) and species (e.g., Campylobacter concisus) were enriched in OSCC.
  • Functionally, OSCC tissues exhibited enrichment of proinflammatory bacterial attributes, including lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and peptidases.

Conclusions:

  • While species composition differed from prior studies, functional analysis consistently showed an inflammatory bacteriome associated with OSCC.
  • These findings support the role of an inflammatory oral microbiome in the carcinogenesis of OSCC.