Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 12, 2026
10:11
Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies
Published on: October 22, 2014
19.7K
Risk factors for explantation due to infection after sacral neuromodulation: a multicenter retrospective case-control
Emily N B Myer1, Andrey Petrikovets2, Paul D Slocum3
1Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
|April 10, 2018
Summary
Infection after sacral neuromodulation is uncommon, affecting 1.97% of patients. Postoperative hematoma and deep device pockets (≥3 cm) significantly increase infection risk, necessitating meticulous surgical technique.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Infectious Disease
- Surgical Outcomes
Background:
- Sacral neuromodulation is effective for overactive bladder, urinary retention, and fecal incontinence.
- Infection following sacral neurostimulation poses significant costs and burdens.
- Optimizing perioperative management is crucial for reducing infection risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- Identify risk factors for sacral neurostimulator infection requiring explantation.
- Estimate the incidence of infection necessitating device explantation.
- Characterize associated microbial pathogens.
Main Methods:
- Multicenter retrospective case-control study (2004-2014) of sacral neuromodulation procedures.
- Matched 38 cases with explantation for infection to 72 controls.
- Used Fisher exact and Student t tests, followed by multivariable logistic regression.
Main Results:
- The incidence of infection requiring explant was 1.97%.
- Postoperative hematoma (13% vs 0%) and pocket depth ≥3 cm (21% vs 0%) were independently associated with increased infection risk.
- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen (38%).
Conclusions:
- Infection after sacral neuromodulation requiring explant is infrequent.
- Postoperative hematoma and deep pocket depth (≥3 cm) are significant risk factors for infection.
- Meticulous hemostasis and shallow pocket creation (<3 cm) are vital for preventing infection.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
13.8K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
13.8K
01:23Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
475
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
475
01:12Relative Risk
2.2K
Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
2.2K
02:16Transcription Factors
82.9K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
82.9K
02:33Combinatorial Gene Control
9.7K
Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
9.7K
04:01Factors Affecting Solubility
37.3K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
37.3K