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Prevalence of Childhood Permanent Hearing Loss after Early Complex Cardiac Surgery

Karin T Bork1, Beatrice P To1, Norma J Leonard2

  • 1Department of Audiology, Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

The Journal of Pediatrics
|April 11, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Infants undergoing early complex cardiac surgery face a high risk of permanent hearing loss (PHL). This study highlights the need to consider cardiac surgery as a key indicator for PHL screening in children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Audiology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Childhood permanent hearing loss (PHL) is a significant concern, particularly following critical medical interventions.
  • Early cardiac surgery in infants can be associated with various complications, including auditory deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of permanent hearing loss (PHL) in children who have undergone early complex cardiac surgery.
  • To identify risk factors and patterns of hearing loss in this pediatric population.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective observational study was conducted from 1996 to 2015, following infants undergoing complex cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass within the first six weeks of life.
  • Audiology follow-up assessments were performed at 6-8 months post-surgery, at two years of age, and as needed, with PHL defined as hearing levels greater than 25-decibel hearing level at any frequency (500-4000 Hz).

Main Results:

  • The study included 841 children with a 83.4% survival rate and a 97.9% follow-up rate for 691 children.
  • Overall PHL prevalence was 5.9% (41 children), with higher rates in single ventricle (10.8%) compared to biventricular defects (4.0%).
  • Of the 41 children with PHL, 17 (41.5%) had known syndromes/genetic abnormalities, while 37 had sensorineural hearing loss, with 6 recommended for cochlear implants.

Conclusions:

  • Infants surviving complex cardiac surgery are at a substantial risk for permanent hearing loss (PHL).
  • While over 40% of affected children have identifiable genetic factors, a significant portion lack clear indicators, underscoring the importance of early cardiac surgery as a risk factor.
  • Routine audiology screening is recommended for infants following complex cardiac surgery to detect and manage PHL early.
Abstract

Keywords:
conductive hearing lossinfantsneonatespediatricsrisk indicatorssensorineural hearing loss

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