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Related Concept Videos

Oscillations In An LC Circuit01:30

Oscillations In An LC Circuit

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An idealized LC circuit of zero resistance can oscillate without any source of emf by shifting the energy stored in the circuit between the electric and magnetic fields. In such an LC circuit, if the capacitor contains a charge q before the switch is closed, then all the energy of the circuit is initially stored in the electric field of the capacitor. This energy is given by
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Forced Oscillations01:06

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Damped Oscillations01:07

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In the real world, oscillations seldom follow true simple harmonic motion. A system that continues its motion indefinitely without losing its amplitude is termed undamped. However, friction of some sort usually dampens the motion, so it fades away or needs more force to continue. For example, a guitar string stops oscillating a few seconds after being plucked. Similarly, one must continually push a swing to keep a child swinging on a playground.
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An oscillating discontinuity is a type of discontinuity in which a function’s values fluctuate infinitely often as the input approaches a particular point. Unlike jump discontinuities, where the function suddenly shifts between two values, or infinite discontinuities, where the function diverges without bound, an oscillating discontinuity arises from rapid back-and-forth variation. Because the function never stabilizes toward a single value, no finite limit exists at that point.One of the...
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Stability is an important concept in oscillation. If an equilibrium point is stable, a slight disturbance of an object that is initially at the stable equilibrium point will cause the object to oscillate around that point. For an unstable equilibrium point, if the object is disturbed slightly, it will not return to the equilibrium point. There are three conditions for equilibrium points—stable, unstable, and half-stable. A half-stable equilibrium point is also unstable, but is named so...
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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Two circadian oscillators in one cell.

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    Area of Science:

    • Chronobiology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Cellular Biology

    Background:

    • Circadian clocks are ubiquitous biological oscillators found in most eukaryotes and some prokaryotes.
    • These clocks regulate diverse daily rhythms, including photosynthesis and sleep-wake cycles, enabling organisms to anticipate environmental changes.
    • Previously, it was widely assumed that a single, evolutionarily conserved mechanism underlies all circadian functions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate whether multiple circadian rhythms within an organism are controlled by a single oscillator or distinct oscillators.
    • To challenge the prevailing hypothesis of a unified circadian clock mechanism.

    Main Methods:

    • The study utilized a unicellular organism to observe its circadian rhythms under controlled experimental conditions.
    • Experimental manipulations were performed to assess the independence of different rhythmic processes.

    Main Results:

    • Two distinct circadian rhythms within the unicellular organism were observed to run independently under specific experimental conditions.
    • This independence suggests that these rhythms are not governed by a single, overarching circadian oscillator.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings provide evidence for the existence of multiple, distinct oscillators controlling different circadian rhythms within a single organism.
    • This challenges the paradigm of a single, unified circadian clock mechanism and opens new avenues for understanding circadian regulation.