[Non-biological 3D printed simulator for training in percutaneous nephro- lithotripsy]

Area of Science:

• Urology
• Medical Simulation
• 3D Printing Technology

Background:

• Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) is a key procedure for treating complex kidney stones.
• Effective training and preoperative planning are crucial for successful PCNL outcomes.
• Existing simulators may not fully replicate patient-specific anatomy for advanced training.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a non-biological, 3D printed simulator for PCNL training and preoperative planning.
• To create a realistic model that allows practice of all PCNL stages under imaging guidance.
• To enhance surgical skills for treating complicated urolithiasis.

Main Methods:

• A patient's staghorn urolithiasis anatomy was imaged using multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT).
• MSCT data were processed to create a 3D printed kidney model with reproduced vascular and collecting systems.
• The simulator included a 3D printed kidney and a human body model for PCNL simulation in an interventional radiology setting.

Main Results:

• The 3D printed kidney model accurately reproduced patient-specific intra-renal structures.
• All critical PCNL stages, including puncture, tract dilation, and lithotripsy, were successfully simulated.
• The simulator facilitated training and procedural practice under ultrasound and fluoroscopy guidance.

Conclusions:

• The developed 3D printed simulator offers a promising tool for endourologic training.
• This non-biological simulator aids in preoperative planning for complex kidney stone cases.
• It represents an advancement in surgical education for urolithiasis treatment.