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Related Concept Videos

Specific Heat01:16

Specific Heat

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The specific heat capacity of a substance refers to the energy required to increase the temperature of one gram of that substance by one degree Celcius. Specific heat capacity is often represented in calories (cal), grams (g), and degrees Celsius (oC), but can also be expressed in joules (J), kilograms (kg), and Kelvin (K), among other units.
For example, increasing the temperature of one gram of water by 1°C requires one calorie of heat energy and can be written as 1 cal/g-°C, or...
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pH Regulation in Cells01:28

pH Regulation in Cells

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pH plays a critical role in maintaining normal cellular activities. It helps maintain the structure and function of various proteins, dictates the charge on cellular membranes, and is crucial for metabolic reactions inside the cell. Moreover, cells use the energy from the proton motive force to generate ATP.
Cytosolic pH
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Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

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Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
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Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

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Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
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Quantifying Heat02:46

Quantifying Heat

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Thermal Energy Microscopically, thermal energy is the kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. Temperature is a quantitative measure of “hot” or “cold”, which depends on the amount of thermal energy. When the atoms and molecules in an object are moving or vibrating quickly, they have a higher average kinetic energy (KE) (or higher thermal energy), and the object is perceived as “hot”, or it is described as being at a higher temperature. When the...
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Critical Region, Critical Values and Significance Level01:16

Critical Region, Critical Values and Significance Level

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The critical region, critical value, and significance level are interdependent concepts crucial in hypothesis testing.
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Myeloid Innate Signaling Pathway Regulation by MALT1 Paracaspase Activity
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CNS myeloid cells critically regulate heat hyperalgesia.

Stefanie Kälin1, Kelly R Miller1, Roland E Kälin1

  • 1Department of Neuropathology and.

The Journal of Clinical Investigation
|April 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peripheral myeloid cells in the central nervous system (CNS) are crucial for processing noxious heat pain. Ablating resident microglia revealed their distinct role in thermal hypersensitivity following nerve injury.

Keywords:
Mouse modelsNeuroscience

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Pain Research

Background:

  • Microglia activation is implicated in neuropathic pain.
  • Previous methods had limitations in studying microglia function post-nerve injury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate microglia-mediated effects in neuropathic pain.
  • To selectively ablate resident microglia and observe repopulation by peripheral myeloid cells.

Main Methods:

  • Selective ablation of resident microglia using intracerebroventricular ganciclovir in CD11b-HSVTK-transgenic mice.
  • Sciatic nerve injury model to induce neuropathic pain.
  • Assessment of mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity, and neuronal calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression.

Main Results:

  • Complete and persistent repopulation of the CNS by peripheral myeloid cells after microglia ablation.
  • Absence of thermal hypersensitivity, but normal mechanical sensitivity, in repopulated mice post-nerve injury.
  • Diminished neuronal CGRP expression in the spinal cord dorsal horn of repopulated mice.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct mechanisms underlie heat and mechanical hypersensitivity.
  • Central nervous system myeloid cells play a critical role in facilitating noxious heat pain.
  • This study highlights the importance of CNS myeloid cells in pain processing.