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    This study analyzed conjunctival lesions (CL) in central India, finding degenerative conditions like pterygium most common. Early diagnosis and biopsy are crucial for differentiating benign, premalignant, and malignant CL to prevent severe ocular complications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • The conjunctiva, a protective ocular membrane, has limited histopathologic study data from central India.
    • Conjunctival lesions (CL) encompass a wide range of conditions with varying prognoses.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the spectrum of conjunctival lesions (CL) in central India.
    • To identify CL requiring biopsy to prevent severe sequelae and ocular morbidity.

    Main Methods:

    • Histopathologic analysis of conjunctival lesion biopsies.
    • Clinical evaluation and follow-up of patients with CL.

    Main Results:

    • Degenerative conditions (pterygium, pinguecula) were most frequent. Pediatric cases included cystic lesions, dermoids, and choristomas. Vascular lesions appeared in adolescence. Premalignant (dysplasia, actinic keratosis) and malignant lesions (carcinomas) were observed in adults. No malignant CL invaded deeper structures. Sclerotherapy was effective for vascular malformations. One case of sebaceous carcinoma had an unfavorable outcome. Lymphoma recurred after one year.
    • Most degenerative lesions resolved, with one pterygium recurrence. Pediatric cases generally had good outcomes, barring one choristoma leading to amblyopia.

    Conclusions:

    • Clinicians must differentiate benign, premalignant, and malignant conjunctival lesions.
    • Early diagnosis, accurate histological examination, and patient education are vital for optimal outcomes in managing CL.