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Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

21.7K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can...
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Isomerism02:43

Isomerism

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Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements. Isomers can be further classified into constitutional isomers and stereoisomers. Constitutional isomers differ in the connectivity of their constituent atoms. For example, 2-butanol and diethyl ether are constitutional isomers, as they have the same chemical formula, C4H10O, but differ in the connectivity of the carbon and oxygen atoms. Constitutional isomers have different physical and chemical...
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Isomerism in Alkenes02:01

Isomerism in Alkenes

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Alkenes like 1-butene and 2-butene exhibit constitutional isomerism, as they differ in the position of the double bond. Further, 2-butene exhibits stereoisomerism and exists as two distinct compounds differing in spatial arrangement.
An isomer is called cis-2-butene when the methyl groups are on the same side of the double bond, and the other stereoisomer, in which methyl groups are on the opposite side of the double bond, is called trans-2-butene. The cis and trans stereoisomers are not...
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Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism02:37

Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism

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Depending upon the different spatial orientation of the substituents, the disubstituted cycloalkanes exhibit two types of stereoisomers. The cis isomers have the substituents on the same side of the ring, whereas the trans isomers have the substituents on the opposite sides. These stereoisomers exhibit different physical properties and cannot be interconverted without breaking the carbon-carbon bonds.
In cyclohexane, the substituents can occupy different positions generating distinct isomers....
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

18.2K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
18.2K
Structure of Lipids03:38

Structure of Lipids

99.2K
Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are largely nonpolar in nature. This is because they are hydrocarbons that include mostly nonpolar carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Non-polar molecules are hydrophobic (“water fearing”), or insoluble in water. Lipids perform many different functions in a cell. Cells store energy for long-term use in the form of fats. Lipids also provide insulation from the environment for plants and animals. For example, they help keep aquatic...
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Synthesis of Near-Infrared Emitting Gold Nanoclusters for Biological Applications
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The structural isomerism in gold nanoclusters.

Wen Wu Xu1, Xiao Cheng Zeng, Yi Gao

  • 1Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China. gaoyi@sinap.ac.cn.

Nanoscale
|April 12, 2018
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Summary

Structural isomerism in gold nanoclusters was explored, revealing three new mechanisms: core, staple, and complex isomerism. This advances understanding and design of functional gold nanoclusters.

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Area of Science:

  • * Nanochemistry
  • * Materials Science
  • * Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • * Isomerism in thiolate-protected gold (Au) nanoclusters is crucial for structure-property relationships.
  • * While stereoisomerism is known, structural isomerism in these clusters remains poorly understood.
  • * Understanding structural isomerism is key to designing Au nanoclusters with tailored properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To identify and elucidate distinct mechanisms of structural isomerism in thiolate-protected Au nanoclusters.
  • * To establish analogies between structural isomerism in Au nanoclusters and organic molecules.
  • * To predict new isomers and assess their synthetic feasibility.

Main Methods:

  • * Analysis of crystallized isomers of thiolate-protected Au nanoclusters.
  • * Identification of three novel mechanisms: core, staple, and complex isomerism.
  • * Theoretical prediction and feasibility assessment of new Au nanocluster isomers.

Main Results:

  • * Three distinct mechanisms of structural isomerism (core, staple, complex) were identified.
  • * These mechanisms are analogous to chain, point, and functional isomerism in organic chemistry.
  • * Two new Au28(SR)20 isomers were predicted based on core and staple isomerism.

Conclusions:

  • * The identified mechanisms provide a framework for understanding structural isomerism in Au nanoclusters.
  • * This work facilitates the rational design and synthesis of novel Au nanocluster isomers.
  • * New insights pave the way for creating Au nanoclusters with specific, desired properties.