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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

Atomic Force Microscopy

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...
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Atomic Orbitals02:44

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An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.
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Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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The Energies of Atomic Orbitals03:21

The Energies of Atomic Orbitals

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In an atom, the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. In a multielectron atom, electron-electron repulsions are also observed. The attractive and repulsive forces are dependent on the distance between the particles, as well as the sign and magnitude of the charges on the individual particles. When the charges on the particles are opposite, they attract each other. If both particles have the same charge, they repel each other.
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Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces03:00

Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces

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Intermolecular forces (IMF) are electrostatic attractions arising from charge-charge interactions between molecules. The strength of the intermolecular force is influenced by the distance of separation between molecules. The forces significantly affect the interactions in solids and liquids, where the molecules are close together. In gases, IMFs become important only under high-pressure conditions (due to the proximity of gas molecules). Intermolecular forces dictate the physical properties of...
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Atomic Structure01:33

Atomic Structure

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Overview
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Characterizing Individual Protein Aggregates by Infrared Nanospectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy
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Atomic Force Microscopy for Protein Detection and Their Physicoсhemical Characterization.

Tatyana O Pleshakova1, Natalia S Bukharina2, Alexander I Archakov3

  • 1Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya St., 119121 Moscow, Russia. t.pleshakova@gmail.com.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|April 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) offers powerful capabilities for studying protein properties and detecting low concentrations of proteins in solution. This technique analyzes biomolecules

Keywords:
atomic force microscopyprotein characterizationprotein fishing

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Biochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Proteins are crucial biomolecules with complex structures and functions.
  • Studying proteins at the molecular level is essential for understanding biological processes.
  • Traditional methods for protein analysis have limitations in sensitivity and resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the capabilities of atomic force microscopy (AFM) for studying protein properties.
  • To explore AFM's application in detecting proteins in solution, even at low concentrations.
  • To analyze AFM's potential for determining functional properties of single biomolecules, including enzyme activity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques and modes.
  • Analysis of AFM's application in protein visualization and characterization.
  • Examination of AFM as a molecular detector for low-concentration protein analysis.

Main Results:

  • AFM enables detailed visualization and characterization of protein structure and physicochemical properties.
  • AFM serves as a sensitive molecular detector for identifying proteins in solution.
  • AFM can determine functional properties of single biomolecules, such as enzyme activity.

Conclusions:

  • AFM is a versatile tool for comprehensive protein analysis, from structure to function.
  • AFM's ability to detect low concentrations of proteins in solution is a significant advantage.
  • Combining AFM with other methods holds promise for advancing biomacromolecule research.