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Related Concept Videos

Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

16.6K
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
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Cell Type-specific Gene Expression Profiling in the Mouse Liver
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Srf destabilizes cellular identity by suppressing cell-type-specific gene expression programs.

Takashi Ikeda1, Takafusa Hikichi2, Hisashi Miura3

  • 1Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan. tikeda@cira.kyoto-u.ac.jp.

Nature Communications
|April 13, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Serum response factor (Srf) actively destabilizes cell identity by repressing cell-type-specific genes, promoting reprogramming. This transcription factor

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Using Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting to Examine Cell-Type-Specific Gene Expression in Rat Brain Tissue
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Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells
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Using Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting to Examine Cell-Type-Specific Gene Expression in Rat Brain Tissue
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Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cellular identity is maintained by gene expression programs.
  • Mechanisms suppressing these programs are not well understood.
  • Extracellular stimuli can influence cellular state.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of serum response factor (Srf) in maintaining cell identity.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which Srf represses cell-type-specific genes.
  • To explore the link between Srf, cellular reprogramming, and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated Srf activation triggered by decreased beta-actin monomer levels.
  • Analyzed nuclear accumulation of Mkl1 and subsequent Srf activation.
  • Examined epigenetic changes in regulatory regions and chromatin organization.
  • Studied phenotypes in mice overexpressing Srf.

Main Results:

  • Decreased beta-actin monomer quantity leads to Mkl1 nuclear accumulation and Srf activation.
  • Activated Srf represses cell-type-specific genes, destabilizing cell identity.
  • Srf activation alters epigenetics and chromatin organization.
  • Srf overexpression in mice causes ulcerative colitis-like symptoms and pancreatic metaplasia.

Conclusions:

  • Srf plays an unexpected role in actively destabilizing cell identity.
  • Extracellular stimuli can use Srf to alter cell fate.
  • Srf dysregulation is implicated in various diseases, including inflammatory and metaplastic conditions.