Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Electromagnetic Spectrum02:37

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

65.6K
The electromagnetic spectrum consists of all the types of electromagnetic radiation arranged according to their frequency and wavelength. Each of the various colors of visible light has specific frequencies and wavelengths associated with them, and you can see that visible light makes up only a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Because the technologies developed to work in various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are different, for reasons of convenience and historical...
65.6K
The Electromagnetic Spectrum01:24

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

33.8K
Electromagnetic waves are categorized according to their wavelengths and frequencies, giving the electromagnetic spectrum. These waves are classified as radio, infrared, ultraviolet, etc. Radio waves refer to electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from millimeters to kilometers. Radio waves are commonly used for audio communications (i.e., radios) and typically result from an alternating current in the wires of a broadcast antenna. They cover a broad wavelength range and are used...
33.8K
Electromagnetic Waves01:30

Electromagnetic Waves

11.6K
James Clerk Maxwell formulated a single theory combining all the electric and magnetic effects scientists knew during that time, calling the phenomena his theory predicted “Electromagnetic waves”. He brought together all the work that had been done by brilliant physicists such as Oersted, Coulomb, Gauss, and Faraday and added his own insights to develop the overarching theory of electromagnetism. Maxwell’s equations, combined with the Lorentz force law, encompass all the laws...
11.6K
Electromagnetic Fields01:30

Electromagnetic Fields

2.8K
Electric fields generated by static charges, often referred to as electrostatic fields, are characteristically different from electric fields created by time-varying magnetic fields. While the former is a conservative field, implying that no net work is done on a test charge if it goes around in a complete loop in the field, the latter is, by definition, not a conservative field; net work is done, and it is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux.
However, the observation of...
2.8K
Plane Electromagnetic Waves I01:30

Plane Electromagnetic Waves I

5.1K
The existence of combined electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as electromagnetic (EM) waves is the most significant prediction of Maxwell's equations. As Maxwell's equations hold in free space, the predicted electromagnetic waves do not require a medium for their propagation. An EM wave comprises an electric field, defined as the force per charge on a stationary charge, and a magnetic field, which is the force per charge on a moving charge.
The EM field is assumed to be a...
5.1K
Plane Electromagnetic Waves II01:29

Plane Electromagnetic Waves II

4.2K
Consider a plane wavefront traveling in position x-direction with a constant speed. This wavefront can be utilized to obtain the relationship between electric and magnetic fields with the help of Faraday's law.
4.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Toward autonomous robotic-assisted and microrobotic surgery.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Excision of the Proximal Pole of the Scaphoid Affects the Midcarpal Joint.

Journal of wrist surgery·2026
Same author

Design and Validation of a Recirculating Cooling System for Robotic Cardiac Injection Therapy to Improve Patient Safety and Surgeon Workflow.

Journal of medical devices·2026
Same author

Development of a Flexible Parallel Wire Robot for Epicardial Interventions.

The international journal of medical robotics + computer assisted surgery : MRCAS·2026
Same author

Calibration and characterization of electromagnetic position and orientation trackers.

IEEE sensors journal·2025
Same author

Magnification-Invariant Retinal Distance Estimation for Vitreoretinal Surgery Using a Laser Aiming Beam.

The international journal of medical robotics + computer assisted surgery : MRCAS·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

A Spine Robotic-Assisted Navigation System for Pedicle Screw Placement
06:24

A Spine Robotic-Assisted Navigation System for Pedicle Screw Placement

Published on: May 11, 2020

9.4K

Electromagnetic Tracker for Active Handheld Robotic Systems.

Robert A MacLachlan1, Nicholas Parody1, Shohin Mukherjee1

  • 1Robotics Institute, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA.

Proceedings of IEEE Sensors. IEEE International Conference on Sensors
|April 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A new In-Loop Electromagnetic Tracker (ILEMT) offers superior speed and accuracy for surgical tools. This advanced electromagnetic tracking system significantly improves precision in microsurgery by reducing latency and enhancing resolution.

Keywords:
active stabilizationeddy currentmicrosurgeryorientationposeposition tracking

More Related Videos

Robotics in Surgery: A Modular Robotic Platform Driven Gastric Wedge Resection
07:27

Robotics in Surgery: A Modular Robotic Platform Driven Gastric Wedge Resection

Published on: February 7, 2025

1.1K
A Methodology for Capturing Joint Visual Attention Using Mobile Eye-Trackers
12:39

A Methodology for Capturing Joint Visual Attention Using Mobile Eye-Trackers

Published on: January 18, 2020

8.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 12, 2026

A Spine Robotic-Assisted Navigation System for Pedicle Screw Placement
06:24

A Spine Robotic-Assisted Navigation System for Pedicle Screw Placement

Published on: May 11, 2020

9.4K
Robotics in Surgery: A Modular Robotic Platform Driven Gastric Wedge Resection
07:27

Robotics in Surgery: A Modular Robotic Platform Driven Gastric Wedge Resection

Published on: February 7, 2025

1.1K
A Methodology for Capturing Joint Visual Attention Using Mobile Eye-Trackers
12:39

A Methodology for Capturing Joint Visual Attention Using Mobile Eye-Trackers

Published on: January 18, 2020

8.2K

Area of Science:

  • Robotics and Automation
  • Surgical Technology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Precision manipulation in microsurgery demands high-performance tracking systems.
  • Existing electromagnetic trackers face limitations in latency and resolution.
  • Interference from nonferrous metals in the workspace degrades tracker performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an In-Loop Electromagnetic Tracker (ILEMT) for active hand motion stabilization.
  • To meet stringent latency and resolution requirements for precision surgical tasks.
  • To overcome performance limitations of current electromagnetic tracking technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel In-Loop Electromagnetic Tracker (ILEMT) prototype.
  • Utilizing two widely spaced carrier frequencies (300 Hz and 10 kHz) to mitigate eddy-current interference.
  • Focusing on achieving high root bandwidth/resolution and low latency.

Main Results:

  • The ILEMT prototype demonstrates over 4x improvement in root bandwidth/resolution compared to commercial trackers.
  • The system achieves 2x lower latency than the fastest existing commercial electromagnetic trackers.
  • A simple method for reducing eddy-current interference from nonferrous metals was implemented, improving metal compatibility without sacrificing speed.

Conclusions:

  • The developed ILEMT system significantly advances electromagnetic tracking capabilities for microsurgery.
  • The tracker's high performance in latency and resolution enables enhanced active stabilization of hand motion.
  • The novel approach to metal interference reduction offers a practical solution for complex surgical environments.