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Related Concept Videos

Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism02:37

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Depending upon the different spatial orientation of the substituents, the disubstituted cycloalkanes exhibit two types of stereoisomers. The cis isomers have the substituents on the same side of the ring, whereas the trans isomers have the substituents on the opposite sides. These stereoisomers exhibit different physical properties and cannot be interconverted without breaking the carbon-carbon bonds.
In cyclohexane, the substituents can occupy different positions generating distinct isomers....
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Reduction of Alkynes to trans-Alkenes: Sodium in Liquid Ammonia02:10

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Alkynes can be reduced to trans-alkenes using sodium or lithium in liquid ammonia. The reaction, known as dissolving metal reduction, proceeds with an anti addition of hydrogen across the carbon–carbon triple bond to form the trans product. Since ammonia exists as a gas (bp = −33°C) at room temperature, the reaction is carried out at low temperatures using a mixture of dry ice (sublimes at −78°C) and acetone. 
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Structure of Lipids03:38

Structure of Lipids

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Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are largely nonpolar in nature. This is because they are hydrocarbons that include mostly nonpolar carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Non-polar molecules are hydrophobic (“water fearing”), or insoluble in water. Lipids perform many different functions in a cell. Cells store energy for long-term use in the form of fats. Lipids also provide insulation from the environment for plants and animals. For example, they help keep aquatic...
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Peptide Bonds02:43

Peptide Bonds

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A peptide bond covalently attaches amino acids through a dehydration reaction. One amino acid's carboxyl group and another amino acid's amino group combine, releasing a water molecule. The resulting bond is the peptide bond. The products that such linkages form are peptides. As more amino acids join this growing chain, the resulting chain is a polypeptide. Each polypeptide has a free amino group at one end. This end has the N-terminal, or the amino-terminal, and the other end has a free...
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Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Fracture Apparatus Design and Protocol Optimization for Closed-stabilized Fractures in Rodents
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Fracture Apparatus Design and Protocol Optimization for Closed-stabilized Fractures in Rodents

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Trans-triquetral Perilunate fracture dislocation.

John-Henry Rhind1, Abhinav Gulihar2, Andrew Smith3

  • 1Princess Royal Hopsital, United Kingdom.

Trauma Case Reports
|April 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This case report details a rare trans-triquetral perilunate fracture dislocation, an uncommon carpal injury. Prompt diagnosis and surgical fixation led to a successful patient outcome.

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Last Updated: Feb 12, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Trauma Care

Background:

  • Perilunate dislocations are rare carpal injuries, often associated with fractures.
  • These injuries are frequently missed on initial assessment due to their rarity.

Observation:

  • A 66-year-old male presented with an isolated trans-triquetral perilunate fracture dislocation after a minor incident.
  • Initial closed reduction attempts in the emergency department and operating theatre were unsuccessful.

Findings:

  • Open reduction and internal fixation were performed, followed by Kirschner wire removal and physiotherapy.
  • The patient achieved a successful outcome at 9-month postoperative follow-up.

Implications:

  • This case highlights an exceptionally rare pattern of perilunate fracture dislocation.
  • Emphasizes the importance of thorough evaluation for carpal injuries, even in seemingly minor trauma.