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Related Concept Videos

Restorative Care01:19

Restorative Care

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Restorative care is provided once a patient has been discharged from a healthcare facility and requires additional services. The additional services include home care, rehabilitation programs, and extended care. Restorative care centers help the patient regain their previous level of functioning or acquire a new level of functioning due to the incapacitating effects of a disease or a disability. It aims to assist patients in enhancing their quality of life by encouraging independence,...
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Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

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Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
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Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
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Joints01:26

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Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
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Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
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The method of joints is a commonly used technique to analyze the forces in structural trusses. The method is based on the principle of equilibrium, which assumes that the truss members are connected by frictionless pins. The forces at each joint can be determined by considering the equilibrium of the forces acting on that joint.
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Modeling joint restoration strategies for interdependent infrastructure systems.

Chao Zhang1,2, Jingjing Kong3,4, Slobodan P Simonovic4,5

  • 1Research Center of Modern Service Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China.

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This study presents a model for optimizing the joint restoration of interdependent infrastructure systems after failures. It highlights how component failures can cascade and emphasizes the need for time-sensitive strategies to minimize economic loss and enhance system safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Infrastructure Systems Engineering
  • Disaster Management and Resilience
  • Operations Research

Background:

  • Modern society relies on interconnected infrastructure systems for critical services.
  • Failures in one system can cascade to others due to interdependencies.
  • Effective response strategies are crucial for maintaining service continuity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a model for developing optimal joint restoration strategies for interdependent infrastructure systems.
  • To minimize economic losses resulting from infrastructure failures following disruptive events.
  • To enhance the safety and resilience of critical infrastructure.

Main Methods:

  • Developed models to describe the structure and interaction processes of interdependent infrastructure systems.
  • Incorporated failure types, operating rules, and interdependencies into the models.
  • Formulated an optimization model to determine component-level restoration strategies minimizing economic loss.

Main Results:

  • A small number of component failures can lead to significant failures in interdependent systems.
  • Optimal joint restoration strategies are dependent on the timing of failure occurrences.
  • The case study of electric-water systems demonstrated the model's utility.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed models enhance understanding of infrastructure interaction mechanisms.
  • Decision-makers can use these models to identify optimal joint restoration strategies.
  • Implementing these strategies can significantly improve the safety and reliability of infrastructure systems.