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Updated: Feb 12, 2026
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Methods to Test Visual Attention Online
Published on: February 19, 2015
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Readability of Online Materials for Rhinoplasty
Pauline Joy F Santos1, David A Daar1, Keyianoosh Z Paydar1
1Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, USA.
World Journal of Plastic Surgery
|April 14, 2018
Summary
Online rhinoplasty information is written at a college reading level, far above the recommended 7th-8th grade. This makes it difficult for patients to understand crucial surgical details.
Area of Science:
- Plastic Surgery
- Medical Education
- Health Literacy
Background:
- Rhinoplasty is a common cosmetic and reconstructive surgery.
- Patient education materials online are not well understood.
- The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommends a 7th-8th grade reading level for patient materials.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the readability of online patient education resources for rhinoplasty.
- To compare current online material readability against NIH recommendations.
Main Methods:
- Searched Google for "rhinoplasty" excluding sponsored results.
- Analyzed the 10 most popular websites for patient-directed information.
- Utilized five established readability formulas to determine grade level and reading ease.
Main Results:
- Online rhinoplasty resources average a 12th-grade reading level.
- No analyzed material met the recommended 7th-8th grade reading level.
- The Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease score was 43.5, indicating "difficult" readability.
Conclusions:
- Online rhinoplasty information is too complex for adequate patient comprehension.
- Plastic surgeons should create patient-friendly materials to improve decision-making.
- Improving readability can enhance patient engagement and interest in rhinoplasty.
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