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Related Concept Videos

Visual System01:26

Visual System

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Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
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Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Vision01:24

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Communication01:03

Communication

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Communication between two animals occurs when one animal transmits an information signal that causes a change in the animal that receives the information. Organisms communicate with one another in a host of different ways. Signals can be auditory, chemical, visual, tactile, or a combination of these. Communication is a critical behavioral adaptation that promotes survival, growth, and reproduction.
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What is a Sensory System?01:31

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Sensory systems detect stimuli—such as light and sound waves—and transduce them into neural signals that can be interpreted by the nervous system. In addition to external stimuli detected by the senses, some sensory systems detect internal stimuli—such as the proprioceptors in muscles and tendons that send feedback about limb position.
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VISUAL ACUITY IN PSEUDOXANTHOMA ELASTICUM.

Sara Risseeuw1, Jeannette Ossewaarde-van Norel1, Caroline C W Klaver2,3,4

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands.

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Visual impairment is common in pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), especially after age 50. This condition causes vision loss comparable to age-related macular degeneration but at an earlier age.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a rare genetic disorder affecting elastic tissue.
  • PXE can lead to significant visual impairment and blindness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the age-specific prevalence of visual impairment in PXE patients.
  • To compare visual impairment and foveal abnormalities in PXE with late age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional review of 195 PXE patients' visual acuity and imaging.
  • WHO criteria for visual impairment categorization.
  • Comparison with 131 late AMD patients from the Rotterdam study.

Main Results:

  • 26% of PXE patients had visual impairment; 11% were legally blind.
  • Vision loss increased with age; 37% impaired and 15% blind in those >50 years.
  • PXE visual impairment is comparable to late AMD but occurs ~20 years earlier.

Conclusions:

  • Visual impairment and blindness are frequent in PXE, particularly in older adults.
  • Choroidal neovascularization and macular atrophy are key causes of vision loss in PXE.
  • PXE-related visual impairment manifests earlier than in late AMD.