Transcatheter valve interventions in heart failure: new answers to old questions

Heart failure (HF) is often associated with different valve diseases, predominantly functional mitral and tricuspid regurgitation. However, the association between HF and aortic stenosis, particularly low-flow low-gradient aortic stenosis, is not infrequent. Severe mitral and tricuspid regurgitations, as well as aortic stenosis, in HF patients worsen prognosis and left ventricular dilatation and induce further reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction. Transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral and tricuspid valve repair and transcatheter aortic valve implantation could be an important therapeutic option with a satisfactory long-term outcome in HF patients with comorbidities and even in patients with severely depressed ejection fraction.