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The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...
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Compact Bone01:27

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
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The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
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Gut microbiome and bone.

Lidia Ibáñez1, Matthieu Rouleau2, Abdelilah Wakkach2

  • 1CNRS UMR7370, LP2M, faculté de médecine, 28, avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice cedex 2, France; Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, 06100 Nice, France; Department of Pharmacy, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, València, Spain.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The gut microbiome influences bone health and diseases like osteoporosis. Manipulating gut bacteria shows promise for managing bone conditions.

Keywords:
Gut microbiomeOsteoclastsOsteoimmunologyOsteoporosisT lymphocytes

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Bone biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing host physiology.
  • Emerging evidence links gut microbiome dysbiosis to inflammatory and bone-related diseases, including osteoporosis.
  • Gut microbiome alterations are observed in animal models and humans with osteoporosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the gut microbiome's role in bone mass regulation.
  • To explore the mechanisms by which the gut microbiome impacts bone metabolism and inflammatory joint diseases.
  • To assess the therapeutic potential of gut microbiome modulation for bone diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical studies in germ-free and conventionally colonized mice.
  • Analysis of human studies investigating gut microbiome composition in osteoporosis patients.
  • Examination of mechanistic studies on immune cell activation, cytokine production, and hormonal changes.

Main Results:

  • Germ-free mice exhibit altered bone mass, which is reversible upon gut recolonization.
  • Gut microbiome changes are associated with estrogen-deficiency osteoporosis in animal models and humans.
  • Probiotic interventions have demonstrated a reduction in bone loss in relevant animal models.
  • Mechanisms involve modulation of CD4+ T cell activation, osteoclastogenic cytokines, and hormone levels.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiome significantly impacts bone health and is implicated in bone diseases.
  • Complex interactions between the gut microbiome and host systems mediate these effects.
  • Gut microbiome manipulation presents a promising avenue for future therapeutic strategies in bone disease management.