Prevalence and genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in China

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Parasitology
• Human Infectious Diseases
• Public Health Microbiology

Background:

• Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most common microsporidian pathogen, causing human and animal infections.
• Waterborne outbreaks are linked to spore excretion from hosts, necessitating accurate pathogen characterization.
• Limited effective treatments with significant side effects underscore the need for control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current status of Enterocytozoon bieneusi prevalence, genotypes, and multilocus genotypes (MLGs) in China.
• To provide foundational data for developing effective control strategies against E. bieneusi infections.
• To highlight the significance of genetic variations and host associations.

Main Methods:

• Review of published literature on E. bieneusi prevalence and genetic diversity in China.
• Analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences to identify genotypes.
• Examination of multilocus genotypes (MLGs) for a comprehensive understanding of genetic variations.

Main Results:

• High prevalence of E. bieneusi infections in humans and animals across China was reported.
• 361 distinct genotypes, including novel ones, were identified based on ITS sequence analysis.
• Associations between E. bieneusi infections and specific risk factors were observed.

Conclusions:

• Accurate characterization of E. bieneusi is crucial for effective control due to limited treatment options.
• The genetic diversity and prevalence data provide essential information for public health interventions in China.
• Findings support the development of targeted strategies to mitigate E. bieneusi transmission and impact.