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Related Concept Videos

Hearing01:31

Hearing

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Line Loss01:10

Line Loss

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The different configurations of source-load connections include wye (star) and delta connections. The relationship between line and phase voltages and currents varies depending on the configuration. When the source is supplying power, it is transmitted through the wires to the load, and during this transmission, some power is absorbed by the wires, leading to line loss.
Line loss impacts power delivery efficiency in a balanced three-phase circuit. The symmetry in such a circuit simplifies the...
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Reducing Line Loss01:18

Reducing Line Loss

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In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
With a step-up transformer at the source, the voltage is increased, thereby reducing the current in the transmission lines since power loss in...
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Major Losses in Pipes01:28

Major Losses in Pipes

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When a fluid flows through a pipe, it experiences energy losses due to frictional resistance along the pipe walls, known as major losses. These energy losses result in a pressure drop, which varies based on the flow conditions — whether laminar or turbulent — and the specific physical properties of the fluid and pipe.
Fluid flow can be classified as laminar or turbulent, primarily based on the Reynolds number. This dimensionless number reflects the relative influence of inertial to viscous...
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Minor Losses in Pipes01:25

Minor Losses in Pipes

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In pipe systems, minor losses refer to energy losses arising from components such as valves, bends, fittings, expansions, and other features that disrupt the steady flow of fluid. These disturbances cause energy dissipation through turbulence and resistance, which engineers quantify to manage system efficiency effectively.
Valves play a significant role in generating minor losses by obstructing or redirecting the fluid flow. When a valve is closed or partially closed, it restricts the flow...
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Energy Losses in Transformers01:21

Energy Losses in Transformers

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In an ideal transformer, it is assumed that there are no energy losses, and, hence, all the power at the primary winding is transferred to the secondary winding. However, in reality,  the transformers always have some energy losses, and, hence, the output power obtained at the secondary winding is less than the input power at the primary winding due to energy losses.
There are four main reasons for energy losses in transformers.
The first cause can be  the high resistance of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Author Spotlight: Optimizing EAS with Long Electrodes for Enhanced Cochlear Coverage and Hearing Preservation
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Author Spotlight: Optimizing EAS with Long Electrodes for Enhanced Cochlear Coverage and Hearing Preservation

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Hearing Loss in the Elderly.

Rohan Patel1, Brian J McKinnon2

  • 1Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 West Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.

Clinics in Geriatric Medicine
|April 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) affects consonant perception, impacting communication. While hearing aids and cochlear implants help, emerging therapies like gene therapy offer hope for restoring cochlear function.

Keywords:
Age-related hearing lossCochlear implantsElderlyGeriatricsHearing aidsOsseointegrated auditory implantsPresbycusisRegenerative therapies

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Presbycusis, or age-related hearing loss (ARHL), is a common condition linked to aging.
  • ARHL typically manifests as high-frequency hearing loss, impairing the perception of consonants, which are crucial for word comprehension.
  • This linguistic deficit leads to significant communication challenges and reduced quality of life for older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of age-related hearing loss (ARHL).
  • To highlight the impact of ARHL on communication and cognition.
  • To review current and emerging therapeutic strategies for ARHL.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on presbycusis.
  • Analysis of the effects of ARHL on speech perception.
  • Examination of current and investigational treatments for hearing loss.

Main Results:

  • ARHL primarily affects high-frequency hearing, hindering the ability to distinguish consonants.
  • Hearing aids and cochlear implants offer significant benefits, especially for individuals with co-occurring depression and dementia.
  • Promising research in gene therapy, pharmacotherapy, and stem cell treatments aims to restore native cochlear function.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related hearing loss presents unique challenges to communication and cognitive function in older adults.
  • Technological interventions like hearing aids and cochlear implants are vital for managing ARHL.
  • Future therapeutic avenues, including regenerative medicine, hold potential for restoring hearing in the aging population.