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CKD and ESRD in US Hispanics.

Nisa Desai1, Claudia M Lora1, James P Lash1

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.

American Journal of Kidney Diseases : the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation
|April 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Hispanics face a higher risk of end-stage renal disease progression and complications, despite similar chronic kidney disease prevalence. Research into survival factors and policy changes are crucial for improving care.

Keywords:
CKD progressionHispanicsLatinosacculturationcardiovascular diseasechronic kidney disease (CKD)diabetic kidney diseaseend-stage renal disease (ESRD)ethnic differenceshealth disparitiesminoritiesnonmodifiable risk factorproteinuriasocioeconomic statusundocumented immigrants

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Public Health
  • Health Disparities

Background:

  • Hispanics are the largest US minority group, facing a significant burden of kidney disease.
  • While chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence is similar to non-Hispanic whites, end-stage renal disease rates are 50% higher in Hispanics.
  • Faster CKD progression and higher rates of cardiovascular disease risk factors like obesity and diabetes contribute to this disparity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the burden of kidney disease in the Hispanic population.
  • To investigate factors contributing to faster CKD progression and higher end-stage renal disease rates.
  • To explore the 'survival paradox' of lower mortality risk despite comorbidities and socioeconomic challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of kidney disease prevalence and progression rates between Hispanic and non-Hispanic white populations.
  • Review of cardiovascular disease risk factors and socioeconomic determinants of health.
  • Exploration of sociocultural and psychosocial factors influencing health outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Hispanics exhibit a higher age- and sex-adjusted prevalence rate of end-stage renal disease compared to non-Hispanic whites.
  • Obesity, diabetes, and faster CKD progression are more prevalent among Hispanics.
  • A lower mortality risk, a 'survival paradox,' is observed in Hispanics despite significant health challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent need for research on sociocultural and psychosocial factors impacting Hispanic kidney disease patients' outcomes.
  • Policy interventions are essential to enhance healthcare access and quality for Hispanics with CKD.
  • Addressing disparities in kidney disease care for the Hispanic population is a critical public health priority.