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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration01:28

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area. This equation is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
08:50

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Published on: June 16, 2014

Physical Function Decline Among Adults With Moderate-to-Severe CKD.

Sarah J Schrauben1,2, Rebecca Brown1, Michael G Shlipak3,4,5

  • 1Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Kidney International Reports
|June 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physical function declines significantly in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Kidney dysfunction accelerates this decline, impacting independence and increasing mortality risk in CKD patients.

Keywords:
chronic kidney diseasefunctional statusphysical function

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
08:50

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Published on: June 16, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Geriatrics
  • Physical Medicine

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with significant physical function impairments, leading to disability and mortality.
  • The progression of functional decline across different stages of CKD is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine baseline physical function and its longitudinal changes in a large prospective cohort of patients with CKD.
  • To investigate the association between kidney function (eGFR) and the rate of physical function decline.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study, measuring grip strength and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) including gait speed, chair stands, and balance.
  • Employed linear mixed-effects models to analyze annual changes in physical function, adjusting for multiple covariates.
  • Compared baseline function to age-matched population norms and assessed impairment using established thresholds.

Main Results:

  • A significant proportion of CKD participants exhibited baseline impairments: 33% in gait speed, 70% in chair stands, 43% in grip strength, and 50% in SPPB.
  • Physical function was notably worse (up to 75%) compared to normative values.
  • Lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and older age were linked to faster declines in physical function over a median follow-up of 8.5 years.

Conclusions:

  • Physical function impairment is prevalent and progressive in moderate-to-severe CKD.
  • Kidney dysfunction significantly contributes to functional decline, independent of chronological aging.
  • Objective physical function measures are crucial for CKD management, guiding interventions to maintain patient independence.