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Related Concept Videos

Attribution Theory00:56

Attribution Theory

13.8K
Behavior is a product of both the situation (e.g., cultural influences, social roles, and the presence of bystanders) and of the person (e.g., personality characteristics). Subfields of psychology tend to focus on one influence or behavior over others. Situationism is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. In contrast, dispositionism holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors (Heider, 1958).
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Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

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According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
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Attribution01:26

Attribution

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In social interactions, individuals frequently seek to understand the motivations and causes behind others' behaviors. This fundamental aspect of social perception, known as attribution, plays a crucial role in shaping interpersonal relationships and guiding future actions. Attribution refers to the cognitive process through which people infer the reasons behind others' behaviors, allowing them to assess character traits, intentions, and situational influences.Attribution Theory and Its...
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Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Personal Choice and Fate Attributions01:19

Personal Choice and Fate Attributions

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Some individuals interpret life events as a consequence of their personal choices and actions, while others believe that outcomes are dictated by fate or destiny. This divergence in perspective has been examined in psychological and cross-cultural studies, particularly in relation to religious faith and cultural beliefs about causality.Fate and Personal ResponsibilityPeople who emphasize personal responsibility view events as direct consequences of their decisions. For instance, breaking a leg...
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How Data are Classified: Categorical Data01:11

How Data are Classified: Categorical Data

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A variable, usually notated by capital letters such as X and Y, is a characteristic or measurement that can be determined for each member of a population. Data are the actual values of variables. They may be numbers, or they may be words. Datum is a single value.
Data are classified based on whether they are measurable or not. Categorical data cannot be measured; instead, it can be divided into categories. For example, if Y denotes a person's party affiliation, some examples of Y include...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
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Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression

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Obesity suppresses tumor attributable PSA, affecting risk categorization.

Ken Chow1, Stefano Mangiola1,2, Jaideep Vazirani1

  • 1Departments of Urology and Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital and The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

Endocrine-Related Cancer
|April 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Very obese patients have higher prostate cancer recurrence due to diagnostic bias, not just tumor promotion. Obesity suppresses prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, leading to misclassification and delayed diagnosis.

Keywords:
body mass indexobesityprostate cancerprostate-specific antigenprostatectomy

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Urology
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Obesity is associated with aggressive prostate cancer and increased recurrence.
  • The mechanisms behind this link (tumor promotion vs. diagnostic bias) remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of obesity on prostate cancer risk classification and recurrence.
  • To differentiate between biological and non-biological contributions of obesity to disease recurrence.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 1587 prostatectomy patients categorized by body mass index (BMI).
  • Calculation of expected prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels based on tumor characteristics.
  • Mediation analysis and survival models incorporating diagnostic error.

Main Results:

  • Very obese patients showed higher recurrence rates despite similar pathological features.
  • Obesity correlated with increased tumor volume and a significant underestimation of PSA (Delta-PSA).
  • Diagnostic bias due to suppressed PSA fully mediated the effect of BMI on tumor volume and attenuated BMI's effect on recurrence.

Conclusions:

  • Very obesity suppresses tumor-associated PSA, causing diagnostic bias and inaccurate risk classification.
  • This diagnostic bias may contribute to delayed presentation and potentially impact initial treatment decisions.