Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Porcine Liver Transplantation Without Veno-Venous Bypass As an Extended Criteria Donor Model
Published on: August 17, 2022
Novel Compliant Scaffold with Specific Design for Venous System: Results of a Porcine Model Study
Pierfrancesco Veroux1, Alessia Giaquinta1, Carla Virgilio1
1Vascular Surgery and Organ Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Background:
Stenting has become the first-line treatment of obstructive venous disease because of poor results of balloon angioplasty. This preclinical study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy profile of a novel compliant venous scaffold (CVS) denominated Petalo CVS, specifically designed for venous diseases.
Materials And Methods:
Twelve healthy pigs weighing 90 kg were used to test Petalo CVS. The devices were implanted into the internal jugular veins (IJVs) using a femoral vein percutaneous approach. The safety profile including the success rate of device releasing, anchoring, and positioning was evaluated immediately. Fracture, migration, primary patency, and endothelial response were assessed at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months after the study procedure.
Results:
A total of 32 devices were successfully released in both IJVs. No procedure- or device-related complications were reported, and all pigs successfully completed the different scheduled follow-up periods. The primary patency rate was 100%, and no fracture or migration of the device into the brachiocephalic trunk was reported. Histological examination revealed only minimal lesions with minimal or absent inflammatory reaction surrounding the incorporated metallic rods.
Conclusions:
This porcine model study showed a promising safety and efficacy profile of Petalo CVS, a novel endovenous device based on specific concepts.
Related Concept Videos
Study Designs in Epidemiology
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and...
Study Design in Statistics
Does aspirin reduce the risk of heart attacks? Is one brand of fertilizer more effective at growing roses than another? Is fatigue as dangerous to a driver as the influence of alcohol? Questions like these are answered using randomized experiments with proper...
Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
Group Design
Venous Return
What is Venous Return?
Venous return refers to the rate at which blood flows back to the heart from the body's peripheral veins. It's an integral part of the circulatory system...
Bioavailability Study Design: Single Versus Multiple Dose Studies

