Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Muscles for Facial Expressions01:14

Muscles for Facial Expressions

5.0K
The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
5.0K
Facial Feedback Hypothesis01:24

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

685
Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role...
685
Nonconscious Mimicry01:13

Nonconscious Mimicry

5.1K
Nonconscious mimicry occurs when individuals alter their mannerisms to match the behaviors and expressions of those nearby, without intention.
5.1K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

39.2K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
39.2K
Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

26.4K
One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
26.4K
Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

8.9K
It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
8.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Deliberate Facial Mimicry As a Skill That Predicts Emotion Recognition Performance.

Affective science·2026
Same author

The Role of Early Visual Experience in Cross-Signal Dependency Detection.

Developmental science·2026
Same author

Longitudinal Changes in Nystagmus Following Late Treatment for Congenital Blindness.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2026
Same author

Cognitive reinforcement: capturing tacit knowledge and enhancing expertise with a biofeedback interface for visual attention.

Journal of neural engineering·2026
Same author

Proportional Overrepresentation of Gender-Diverse Identities in Two US-Based Autistic Adult Samples from the SPARK Database.

Autism in adulthood·2026
Same author

How AI can advance psychological science.

British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)·2025
Same journal

Sensorimotor Adaptation of Vocal Pitch Is Impaired in Cerebellar Ataxia.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Memory in the Palm of Your Hand: Smartphone-based Methods for Measuring Memory in the Wild.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Processing Asymmetry in Object-modifying Relative Clauses: Evidence from Functional Connectivity.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Extensive Experience Remodels Neural Task Circuitry to Escape the Frontal Bottleneck and Increase Automaticity of Categorization.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Investigating the Effects of Acute Stress on Neural Mechanisms of Self-controlled Decision-making.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Distilling the Neurophenomenological Signatures of Pure Awareness during Transcendental Meditation.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Separation of Mouse Embryonic Facial Ectoderm and Mesenchyme
08:36

Separation of Mouse Embryonic Facial Ectoderm and Mesenchyme

Published on: April 12, 2013

11.6K

Recognizing Facial Slivers.

Sharon Gilad-Gutnick1, Elia Samuel Harmatz2, Kleovoulos Tsourides3

  • 1Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
|April 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Healthy humans can recognize highly distorted faces, challenging the idea that exact configuration is essential for facial identity. This suggests evolved tolerance for viewpoint variations in face recognition.

More Related Videos

Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm
09:49

Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm

Published on: December 24, 2015

14.6K
Using Facial Electromyography to Assess Facial Muscle Reactions to Experienced and Observed Affective Touch in Humans
04:27

Using Facial Electromyography to Assess Facial Muscle Reactions to Experienced and Observed Affective Touch in Humans

Published on: March 15, 2019

11.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Separation of Mouse Embryonic Facial Ectoderm and Mesenchyme
08:36

Separation of Mouse Embryonic Facial Ectoderm and Mesenchyme

Published on: April 12, 2013

11.6K
Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm
09:49

Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm

Published on: December 24, 2015

14.6K
Using Facial Electromyography to Assess Facial Muscle Reactions to Experienced and Observed Affective Touch in Humans
04:27

Using Facial Electromyography to Assess Facial Muscle Reactions to Experienced and Observed Affective Touch in Humans

Published on: March 15, 2019

11.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • Facial identity recognition is crucial for social interaction.
  • Current models emphasize the importance of precise spatial configuration of facial features.
  • The role of spatial relationships in robust face recognition remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the human ability to recognize faces with extreme spatial distortions.
  • To determine the contribution of spatial relationships between facial features to identity recognition.
  • To explore the neural correlates of recognizing distorted faces.

Main Methods:

  • Behavioral experiments involving parametrically compressed facial features (n=40).
  • Systematic manipulation of spatial relationships between internal and external facial features (n=20).
  • Magnetoencephalography (MEG) to record brain activity during face perception tasks (n=20).

Main Results:

  • Individuals exhibit robust recognition of extremely distorted faces, contrary to established theories.
  • Performance with compressed features individually is less accurate than with full faces, highlighting the importance of feature integration.
  • Vertical spatial relationships are preferentially encoded over horizontal ones in facial representations.
  • The M250 component of the evoked response field, not the M170, correlates with behavioral performance in recognizing distorted faces.

Conclusions:

  • Facial identity recognition is remarkably tolerant to extreme spatial distortions.
  • Positional information, particularly vertical relationships, plays a key role in facial configuration.
  • The M250 neural response reflects perceptual identifiability irrespective of configuration fidelity, suggesting an evolved mechanism for viewpoint invariance.