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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
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RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Structures of Solids02:22

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials
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Multi-petahertz electron interference in Cr:Al2O3 solid-state material.

Hiroki Mashiko1, Yuta Chisuga2,3, Ikufumi Katayama3

  • 1NTT Basic Research Laboratories, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0198, Japan. mashiko.hiroki@lab.ntt.co.jp.

Nature Communications
|April 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists explored petahertz (PHz) interference using chromium-doped alumina (Cr:Al2O3). They observed multi-petahertz electron dipole oscillations, paving the way for future ultrahigh-speed signal processing.

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Area of Science:

  • Solid State Physics
  • Quantum Optics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Ultrafast electric dipole oscillations are key for future petahertz (PHz) signal processing.
  • Manipulating electrons at PHz frequencies with multiple frequencies presents a significant challenge for ultrahigh-clock-rate systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate multi-petahertz interference phenomena in chromium-doped alumina (Cr:Al2O3).
  • To understand the dynamics of multiple electric dipole oscillations induced by intense lightwave fields.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized intense near-infrared lightwave fields to induce electric inter-band polarizations.
  • Employed Fourier transform extreme ultraviolet attosecond spectroscopy and direct time-dependent spectroscopy for characterization.
  • Analyzed interference patterns arising from superposition states of dipole oscillations.

Main Results:

  • Observed periodic dipole oscillations in the range of 1.5 to 2.6 PHz (383 to 667 attoseconds).
  • Identified modulations on the attosecond timescale due to electron dephasing in Cr donor-like and Al2O3 conduction band states.
  • Demonstrated interference resulting from the superposition of multiple dipole oscillations.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights the potential for manipulating petahertz interference signals through engineered material band structures.
  • Findings contribute to the fundamental understanding required for developing ultrahigh-speed signal operation technologies.