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Anthocyanin Composition and Content in Rye Plants with Different Grain Color
Pavel A Zykin1, Elena A Andreeva2,3, Anna N Lykholay4,5
1Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, Universiteskaya nab.7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia. pavel.zykin@gmail.com.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 20, 2018
Summary
Rye grain color is influenced by anthocyanin pigments. Genetic diversity affects anthocyanin content, with specific genes controlling its presence and composition, leading to varied grain colors like violet, green, yellow, and brown.
Area of Science:
- Plant genetics and biochemistry
- Cereal crop research
- Pigment analysis in agriculture
Background:
- Grain color in cereals is primarily determined by anthocyanin pigments.
- Significant genetic diversity exists for anthocyanin content and composition across cereal species.
- Specific genes in rye (vi1-vi6, C, Vs) regulate anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation in plant tissues.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the anthocyanin composition and content in diverse rye grain samples.
- To identify the specific anthocyanins responsible for different grain colors in rye.
- To compare anthocyanin profiles in rye with those in other cereal grains like rice, barley, and wheat.
Main Methods:
- Utilized reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS).
- Analyzed anthocyanins in 24 distinct rye grain samples.
- Quantified and identified anthocyanin profiles, including aglycones, glycoside units, and acyl groups.
Main Results:
- Yellow and brown grain lines lacked detectable anthocyanins.
- Green-seeded rye lines contained delphinidin rutinoside and cyanidin rutinoside.
- Violet-seeded rye samples exhibited variations in anthocyanin profiles, with cyanidin or peonidin as the main aglycone, and glucose and rutinose as glycosides. Acylation involved malonic and sinapic acids.
Conclusions:
- Rye grain color is directly linked to the presence and type of anthocyanins.
- Genetic variations significantly impact anthocyanin profiles, leading to diverse grain colors.
- Understanding rye anthocyanins provides insights into cereal pigment diversity and potential applications.
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