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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adrenarche involves protein kinase A (PKA) signaling driving zona reticularis formation from the zona fasciculata. This process is sexually dimorphic, with male androgens delaying adrenarche, potentially explaining female predisposition to adrenal disorders.

Keywords:
Adrenal cortexAnimal modelCortex surrénalienCushing syndromeModèle animalPKASyndrome de CushingZona reticularisZone réticulée

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • The adrenal cortex undergoes significant remodeling from fetal to adult stages.
  • Adrenarche, characterized by elevated pre-pubertal androgens, lacks a clear mechanistic understanding and experimental models.
  • The emergence of the zona reticularis (zR) marks the maturation of the definitive cortex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying adrenarche and zona reticularis formation.
  • To investigate the role of protein kinase A (PKA) signaling in adrenal cortex development.
  • To explore the potential sex-specific regulation of these processes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mouse models with fetal and definitive adrenal cortex cell lines.
  • Investigated the impact of PKA signaling activation on adrenal cortex structure and function.
  • Analyzed sex-dependent effects of androgens and WNT signaling on adrenal development.

Main Results:

  • PKA activation stimulated centripetal regeneration of the adult cortex, converting zona fasciculata to zona reticularis.
  • Mice developed Cushing syndrome and primary hyperaldosteronism, indicating potential co-secretion.
  • These effects were sex-dependent; testicular androgens antagonized PKA, delaying zR formation and disease onset in males.

Conclusions:

  • The zona reticularis originates from PKA-induced centripetal conversion of the zona fasciculata, regulating adult cortex size.
  • PKA-dependent progenitor mobilization is sexually dimorphic.
  • This dimorphism may explain the higher incidence of adrenal pathologies in females.