Microalgae as multi-functional options in modern agriculture: current trends, prospects and challenges

Area of Science:

• Algae, including eukaryotic green algae and prokaryotic cyanobacteria, are photosynthetic organisms with vast industrial and agricultural potential.

Background:

• Algae serve as bioresources for biofuels, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and animal feed.
• In agriculture, algae improve soil fertility, nutrient availability, and plant growth by stimulating microbial activity.
• Cyanobacteria contribute nitrogen fertilization via biological nitrogen fixation and nitrogen compound metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

• This review explores the prospects and challenges of microalgae applications in agriculture.
• It covers crop production, protection, and natural resource management.
• The review also includes recent advances, novel technologies, commercialization, and future directions.

Main Methods:

• The review synthesizes information on the diverse applications of algae in agriculture.
• It examines the role of algal metabolites and consortia in plant and soil ecosystems.
• Emerging technologies like integrated wastewater treatment and biomass production are discussed.

Main Results:

• Algae enhance soil organic carbon, fertility, and microbial activity, leading to improved crop yields.
• Algal metabolites like growth hormones and antimicrobial compounds support plant colonization and microbial proliferation.
• Consortia of algae with other microorganisms and integrated systems show promise for sustainable agriculture.

Conclusions:

• Microalgae and cyanobacteria offer significant potential for sustainable agriculture, from crop enhancement to resource management.
• Further research and technological development are crucial for realizing their full potential.
• Novel applications and integrated systems are expanding the utilization of these organisms.