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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Methods to Study Changes in Inherent Protein Aggregation with Age in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Indignity and Old Age.

John-Stewart Gordon

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    |April 21, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study proposes viewing human dignity through the lens of indignity, particularly for the elderly. Focusing on vulnerability and reversing conditions causing indignity offers a clearer ethical path than defining dignity itself.

    Keywords:
    elderly peoplehuman dignityinconclusivenessindignityold agevulnerability

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    Area of Science:

    • Philosophy of Ethics
    • Gerontology
    • Social Sciences

    Background:

    • The concept of human dignity is often debated and can be used to support conflicting viewpoints, making it ethically inconclusive.
    • Existing approaches to human dignity lack a clear, universally applicable framework, especially concerning vulnerable populations like the elderly.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a novel framework for understanding human dignity by centering on the concept of indignity.
    • To explore the ethical implications of focusing on indignity, particularly in the context of old age and vulnerability.
    • To offer a practical approach for upholding human dignity by addressing and reversing conditions that lead to indignity.

    Main Methods:

    • Conceptual analysis of human dignity and indignity.
    • Examination of ethical reasoning and decision-making processes.
    • Case study approach referencing the experiences of elderly individuals to illustrate indignity.

    Main Results:

    • Human dignity can be more effectively understood and applied as a formal principle derived from the foundational concept of indignity.
    • Indignity, characterized by vulnerability, represents a primary violation of a person's core being.
    • Focusing on reversing the conditions that cause indignity provides a more actionable strategy than attempting a positive definition of dignity.

    Conclusions:

    • Shifting ethical focus from dignity to indignity offers a more robust and less ambiguous approach to moral reasoning.
    • Vulnerability is a key indicator of indignity, highlighting the specific ethical challenges faced by the elderly.
    • The practical application of human dignity involves actively restoring conditions that prevent indignity, rather than abstract definition.