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Advanced Imaging Techniques in Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer
Roberto García-Figueiras1, Sandra Baleato-González1, Anwar R Padhani1
1From the Departments of Radiology (R.G.F., S.B.G., I.O.V., A.M.d.A.) and Radiation Oncology (A.G.C.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Paul Strickland Scanner Centre, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, Middlesex, England (A.R.P.); Health Time, Jaén, Spain (A.L.A.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (A.L.A.); Department of Radiology, IVO (Instituto Valenciano de Oncología), Valencia, Spain (A.M.); and Department of Radiology, Clínica Girona and IDI, Girona, Spain (J.C.V.).
Abstract:
Imaging techniques are clinical decision-making tools in the evaluation of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this article is to discuss the potential of recent advances in imaging for diagnosis, prognosis, therapy planning, and assessment of response to treatment of CRC. Recent developments and new clinical applications of conventional imaging techniques such as virtual colonoscopy, dual-energy spectral computed tomography, elastography, advanced computing techniques (including volumetric rendering techniques and machine learning), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-based magnetization transfer, and new liver imaging techniques, which may offer additional clinical information in patients with CRC, are summarized. In addition, the clinical value of functional and molecular imaging techniques such as diffusion-weighted MR imaging, dynamic contrast material-enhanced imaging, blood oxygen level-dependent imaging, lymphography with contrast agents, positron emission tomography with different radiotracers, and MR spectroscopy is reviewed, and the advantages and disadvantages of these modalities are evaluated. Finally, the future role of imaging-based analysis of tumor heterogeneity and multiparametric imaging, the development of radiomics and radiogenomics, and future challenges for imaging of patients with CRC are discussed. Online supplemental material is available for this article. ©RSNA, 2018.
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