An alternative perspective on assistive technology: The person-environment-tool (PET) model

Area of Science:

• Rehabilitation Science
• Human Factors Engineering
• Disability Studies

Background:

• Traditional models categorize individuals as able-bodied or disabled.
• The biopsychosocial model and ICF provide a universalistic perspective on human functioning.
• The distinction between assistive technology (AT) and mainstream technology (MST) may hinder this universalistic view.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a conceptual model for understanding human functioning from a universalistic perspective.
• To challenge the artificial separation of function-enhancing technologies.
• To demonstrate how all human activities and participation are influenced by person, environment, and tool factors.

Main Methods:

• Development of the Person-Environment-Tool (PET) conceptual model.
• Integration of components from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).
• Focus on a universalistic framework without distinguishing ability levels or technology types.

Main Results:

• The PET model describes activity and participation as a function of person, environment, and tool.
• The model does not differentiate between varying ability levels or between AT and MST.
• It supports a unified perspective on technology use and environmental adaptations.

Conclusions:

• The PET model provides a unified framework for understanding human functioning and technology.
• It advocates for a universalistic approach to assistive and mainstream technologies.
• This perspective can help overcome barriers to inclusivity in human functioning and technology adoption.