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Related Concept Videos

Passive Filters01:27

Passive Filters

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Passive filters are utilized to shape the frequency spectrum of signals across a diverse array of applications. These filters, using only passive elements like resistors (R), inductors (L), and capacitors (C), are capable of selectively allowing or blocking certain frequency ranges without the need for external power sources.
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Active filters are electronic circuits that use operational amplifiers (op-amps), resistors, and capacitors to filter out unwanted frequency components from a signal. A first-order low-pass active filter is designed to pass signals with a frequency lower than a certain cutoff frequency and attenuate frequencies higher than that cutoff frequency. The transfer function for a first-order low-pass active filter is:
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Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are largely nonpolar in nature. This is because they are hydrocarbons that include mostly nonpolar carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Non-polar molecules are hydrophobic (“water fearing”), or insoluble in water. Lipids perform many different functions in a cell. Cells store energy for long-term use in the form of fats. Lipids also provide insulation from the environment for plants and animals. For example, they help keep aquatic...
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The eukaryotic nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It is rightly called the “brain” of the cell as it shoulders the responsibility of responding to various physiological processes, stress, altered metabolic conditions, and other cellular signals. 
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Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Proteins may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or protective. They may serve in transport, storage, or membranes; or they may be toxins or enzymes. Their structures, like their functions, vary greatly. They are all, however, amino acid polymers arranged in a linear sequence.
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Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Utilization of Microscale Silicon Cantilevers to Assess Cellular Contractile Function In Vitro
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Highly Ordered Microscale-Pyramidal-Structure-Arrayed Silicon Membranes for Filter Applications.

Shinae Hwang1, Seongjae Lee2, Jaehyeon Ko3

  • 1Department of Nano-Medical Devices Engineering, Hallym University, Gangwon-do, 24252, Korea.

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
|April 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microscale-pyramidal-structure-arrayed silicon membranes were fabricated using semiconductor processes and potassium hydroxide etching for advanced filter applications. These patterned membranes show potential for use as both optical directional and particle filters.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Silicon membranes with microscale-pyramidal structures are crucial for advanced filter applications.
  • Fabrication methods influence membrane morphology and performance.
  • Understanding the impact of etching parameters is key to optimizing silicon membrane filters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop microscale-pyramidal-structure-arrayed patterned silicon membranes for filter applications.
  • To investigate the effects of semiconductor processes and potassium hydroxide (KOH) etching on membrane fabrication.
  • To evaluate the performance of the manufactured membranes as optical directional filters and particle filters.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized semiconductor processes and potassium hydroxide (KOH) etching techniques.
  • Employed silicon nitride on silicon on insulator wafers as masking layers.
  • Performed dry and wet etching using 45 wt% KOH solutions at 70 °C.
  • Analyzed morphological structures using scanning electron microscopy.

Main Results:

  • Successfully fabricated microscale-pyramidal arrays with 300 μm top and 16-20 μm bottom opening sizes.
  • Demonstrated that silicon (100) plane roughness is dependent on etching temperature and KOH concentration.
  • Confirmed the functionality of the manufactured membranes as optical directional filters and particle filters.

Conclusions:

  • Microscale-pyramidal-structure-arrayed silicon membranes can be effectively fabricated using semiconductor and KOH etching techniques.
  • The developed membranes show promise for dual functionality in optical and particle filtration.
  • Further research can optimize etching parameters for enhanced filter performance.