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Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Murine Model of Leukemia Relapse to Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Published on: October 17, 2025
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma of the oral and maxillofacial region
Celeste Sánchez-Romero1, Hélder Antônio Rebelo Pontes2, Flávia Sirotheau Corrêa Pontes2
1Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil.
Objective:
Our objective was to describe the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (ALL/LBL) of the oral and maxillofacial region (OMF).
Study Design:
Cases diagnosed as ALL/LBL of the OMF region were retrieved from the files of 2 Brazilian and 1 Guatemalan oral pathology services from 2005 to 2017. Microscopic and immunohistochemical features of each case were reviewed and fully described, and clinical data were retrieved from the pathology reports.
Results:
During the period considered, 6 cases were identified. Male patients were the most affected (4:2), with a mean age of 19 years old. The mandible was involved in 2 cases, the maxilla in 2, the cheek mucosa in 1, and the parotid gland in 1. Painful swelling was the most common presentation, and 3 patients also had systemic complaints. Microscopically, tumors revealed solid infiltrations of small to medium-sized immature cells. "Puzzle-like" and "starry-sky" patterns were observed, and "single lane" growth was also identified. Immunohistochemically, 2 cases were diagnosed as T-cell ALL/LBL with the leukocyte common antigen (LCA)+/cCD3+/CD79 a+focal/CD20-/PAX5-/CD99+/CD34-/CD10+/terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)+ phenotype and 4 as B-cell ALL/LBL with the LCA+/CD3-/CD20-/CD79 a+/CD10+/CD34 variable/TdT+ predominant phenotype. The Ki67 index ranged from 80% to 99%.
Conclusion:
OMF ALL/LBL is rare, but its microscopic features and immunohistochemical profiles CD3+or CD79 a+/CD10+/CD34+variable/CD99+/TdT+ contribute to the correct diagnosis.
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