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Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus
Published on: March 8, 2012
Towards quality and order in human papillomavirus research
Laila Sara Arroyo Mühr1, Carina Eklund1, Joakim Dillner1
1International HPV Reference Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
Abstract:
The International Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Reference Center supports quality and order in HPV research and diagnostics. Notably, the center assigns HPV type numbers to novel HPV types, maintains a reference clone repository, and issues international proficiency panels for HPV genotyping. The established HPV types, currently up to HPV225, belong to 5 different genera: alpha (65 types), beta (54 types), gamma (98 types), mu (3 types) and nu (1 type). Since 2014, 23 novel types have been established, 82.6% of which belong to the gamma genus. Reference clones have been provided to 44 different research laboratories and the global proficiency program for HPV genotyping has seen an increasing participation (currently 146 laboratories) and complete proficiency has increased over time (from 26% to 59% of datasets). In summary, an increasing complexity of the HPVs requires international efforts to support a recognized quality and order among HPV types.
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