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Related Concept Videos

Eulerian and Lagrangian Flow Descriptions01:22

Eulerian and Lagrangian Flow Descriptions

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Fluid flow analysis is critical in many scientific and engineering disciplines, and two principal approaches are used to describe this flow: the Eulerian and Lagrangian methods. These methods offer different perspectives on monitoring and analyzing the motion of fluids, each with distinct advantages depending on the scenario.
The Eulerian method focuses on fixed points in space where fluid properties, such as velocity, pressure, and temperature, are observed as the fluid moves between these...
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Plasticity00:58

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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Plasticizers01:31

Plasticizers

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Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
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Plastic Behavior01:21

Plastic Behavior

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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

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Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
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Image-based Lagrangian Particle Tracking in Bed-load Experiments
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Tracking plastics in the Mediterranean: 2D Lagrangian model.

S Liubartseva1, G Coppini2, R Lecci2

  • 1Fondazione CMCC - Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy.

Marine Pollution Bulletin
|April 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plastic pollution in the Mediterranean Sea shows high variability on the surface but accumulates on coastlines and the seabed. Each country

Keywords:
Beaching and sedimentation of plasticsFloating plasticsMonte Carlo techniqueSea surface currentsStokes drift

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Oceanography
  • Marine Pollution

Background:

  • Floating debris, particularly plastics, poses a significant environmental challenge.
  • Understanding the transport and fate of marine plastic pollution is crucial for effective mitigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model the drift and accumulation of plastic debris in the Mediterranean Sea.
  • To identify major accumulation zones and sources of plastic pollution.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 2D Lagrangian model tracking over 10^10 virtual particles.
  • Incorporated stochastic beaching and sedimentation processes.
  • Forced the model with daily ocean current and wave data from CMEMS.

Main Results:

  • Observed high spatio-temporal variability in sea-surface plastic concentrations.
  • Detected substantial plastic accumulation on coastlines and the seabed.
  • Identified the Cilician subbasin, Catalan Sea, and Po River Delta as highly contaminated areas.

Conclusions:

  • Mediterranean plastic pollution is primarily driven by terrestrial sources within each country.
  • Stable long-term accumulations on the sea surface are unlikely.
  • Significant pollution hotspots exist near sources with limited circulation.