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Related Concept Videos

Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

25.0K
Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
25.0K
Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

52.8K
Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
52.8K
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.9K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
20.9K
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

24.5K
The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
24.5K
Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

30.0K
Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
30.0K
Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

1.8K
The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
1.8K

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Mesocosm-Scale Constructed Wetland Design for Wastewater Treatment
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Mesocosm-Scale Constructed Wetland Design for Wastewater Treatment

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Do constructed wetlands remove metals or increase metal bioavailability?

Xiaoyu Xu1, Gary L Mills1

  • 1Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA.

Journal of Environmental Management
|April 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The H-02 wetland effectively removes copper and zinc from facility wastewater. Seasonal sulfur cycling, driven by temperature, dictates whether sulfide or organic matter adsorption is the primary metal removal mechanism.

Keywords:
BioavailabilityConstructed wetlandCopperOrganic matterSulfurZinc

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Wetland Science

Background:

  • The H-02 wetland at the Savannah River Site treats process and storm water.
  • Contaminants of concern include copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn).
  • Understanding metal removal mechanisms is crucial for environmental protection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To monitor copper and zinc concentrations and water quality in the H-02 wetland from 2014-2016.
  • To model metal speciation and identify removal processes.
  • To assess the seasonal regulation of metal removal by sulfur cycling.

Main Methods:

  • Monthly monitoring of surface water quality parameters.
  • Analysis of copper and zinc concentrations.
  • Modeling of metal speciation.
  • Laboratory studies on sulfur cycling.

Main Results:

  • Effluent Cu and Zn concentrations remained below NPDES limits.
  • Average removal efficiencies were 65.9% for Cu and 71.1% for Zn.
  • Metal removal was seasonally regulated by sulfur cycling: sulfate reduction in warm months and sulfide oxidation in cool months.
  • Adsorption to organic matter, particularly fulvic acid, became dominant in cooler months.

Conclusions:

  • The H-02 wetland demonstrates effective removal of copper and zinc.
  • Seasonal sulfur cycling significantly influences metal removal pathways.
  • Accumulation of metal-fulvic acid complexes poses potential risks due to bioavailability and trophic transfer.