Lab-on-a-chip electrical multiplexing techniques for cellular and molecular biomarker detection.
Fan Liu1, Liwei Ni1, Jiang Zhe1
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA.
Biomicrofluidics
|April 24, 2018
Summary
This review explores electrical multiplexing for lab-on-a-chip devices, enhancing biomarker detection speed and throughput. It covers current methods and future directions for advanced diagnostics.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Electrical Engineering
- Analytical Chemistry
Background:
- Lab-on-a-chip devices require efficient signal multiplexing for high-throughput biomarker detection.
- Electrical detection methods are favored for their scalability, low cost, and simple signal processing in microfluidic systems.
- Multiplexing enables simultaneous analysis of multiple cellular and molecular biomarkers, crucial for comprehensive diagnostics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review various electrical multiplexing techniques for lab-on-a-chip devices.
- To highlight advancements in rapid cellular and molecular biomarker detection using electrical methods.
- To discuss future opportunities and challenges in electrical multiplexing for diagnostics.
Main Methods:
- Review of established electrochemical and electrical impedance sensing methods.
- Analysis of direct electrical multiplexing techniques: spatial and time multiplexing.
- Exploration of emerging multiplexing technologies: frequency, codes, and particle-based methods.
Main Results:
- Successful implementation of spatial and time multiplexing for rapid biomarker detection.
- Emerging techniques like frequency, codes, and particle-based multiplexing show promise for enhanced analysis.
- Electrical multiplexing significantly improves throughput and reduces analysis time in lab-on-a-chip systems.
Conclusions:
- Electrical multiplexing is key to advancing lab-on-a-chip capabilities for biomarker analysis.
- Continued development of multiplexing techniques will drive innovation in rapid, high-throughput diagnostics.
- Addressing challenges in current methods will unlock further potential for electrical biomarker detection.
Related Concept Videos
02:54Molecular and Ionic Solids
20.2K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.2K
01:16Flame Photometry: Lab
976
In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...
976
03:37Molecular Shape and Polarity
76.0K
Dipole Moment of a Molecule
76.0K
03:07Kinetic Molecular Theory: Molecular Velocities, Temperature, and Kinetic Energy
30.0K
The kinetic molecular theory qualitatively explains the behaviors described by the various gas laws. The postulates of this theory may be applied in a more quantitative fashion to derive these individual laws.
30.0K
01:21Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab
1.1K
For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing...
Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing...
1.1K
02:00Molecular Models
43.9K
Physical models representing molecular architectures of chemical compounds play essential roles in understanding chemistry. The use of molecular models makes it easier to visualize the structures and shapes of atoms and molecules.
43.9K