MALDI matrices for low molecular weight compounds: an endless story?

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Biochemistry
• Spectrometry

Background:

• Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) is widely used for large biomolecules.
• Analyzing small molecules with MALDI MS has been challenging due to spectral interferences from conventional matrices.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in MALDI matrices for small molecule analysis.
• To highlight the potential of MALDI MS in metabolomics and imaging mass spectrometry.

Main Methods:

• Development of novel matrices, including rationally designed organic matrices, ionic liquids, and inorganic nanoparticles.
• Exploration of sample preparation techniques like analyte/matrix derivatization and dopant addition.

Main Results:

• New matrices effectively address spectral interferences in the low m/z window.
• MALDI MS is demonstrated as a powerful tool for small molecule quantification.
• Successful applications in metabolomics and imaging mass spectrometry are emerging.

Conclusions:

• MALDI MS is a versatile technique applicable to both high and low molecular weight compounds.
• Advancements in matrix technology have expanded the scope of MALDI MS analysis.
• This technique offers new possibilities for small molecule detection and quantification.