Plant-Mediated Synthesis of Calcium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Syzygium cumini Fruit Extract and Assessment of
Srividhya Srinivasan1, Saraswathi K2, Rajeshkumar Shanmugam3
1Oral Medicine and Radiology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND.
Abstract:
Background Plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles has gained increasing attention as an environmentally friendly approach for developing biologically active nanomaterials. Syzygium cumini (Jamun) fruit is rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the anti-inflammatory potential of calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO-NPs) synthesized using S. cumini fruit extract has not been extensively explored. The present study aimed to synthesize CaO-NPs using S. cumini fruit extract through a green synthesis approach and to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Methodology CaO-NPs were synthesized using aqueous fruit extract of S. cumini. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extract and CaO-NPs was evaluated using the egg albumin denaturation assay, bovine serum albumin denaturation assay, and membrane stabilization assay using Diclofenac sodium as the reference standard. The percentage inhibition of protein denaturation and membrane lysis was determined spectrophotometrically. Results Both the fruit extract and CaO-NPs demonstrated concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory activity in all assays. At higher concentrations, CaO-NPs showed greater inhibition of protein denaturation and improved membrane stabilization compared with the fruit extract. The observed inhibition values for CaO-NPs approached those of the standard drug, indicating enhanced biological activity following nanoparticle synthesis. Conclusions The findings suggest that green-synthesized CaO-NPs derived from S. cumini fruit possess significant anti-inflammatory activity. While in vitro protein denaturation and membrane stabilization assays are well-established screening models for anti-inflammatory activity, further validation using cellular and in vivo models is essential to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and confirm the therapeutic potential of plant-mediated CaO-NPs.
