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Down syndrome and mild kidney dysfunction

Satoshi Yamakawa1, Takuhito Nagai1, Osamu Uemura1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Obu, Aichi, Japan.

Pediatrics International : Official Journal of the Japan Pediatric Society
|April 24, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Children with Down syndrome (DS) show reduced kidney function, approximately 80% of healthy peers. This suggests DS patients may have smaller kidneys or fewer glomeruli, impacting renal health.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Genetics
  • Down Syndrome Research

Background:

  • Limited detailed evaluations of kidney function in pediatric Down syndrome (DS) patients exist.
  • Understanding renal health in DS is crucial for comprehensive patient care.
  • This study focuses on DS children without confounding kidney-affecting complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and quantify kidney function in pediatric patients with Down syndrome.
  • To compare the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in DS children to healthy controls.
  • To explore potential underlying reasons for observed differences in renal function.

Main Methods:

  • Measurement of creatinine (Cr) and cystatin C (cysC) levels.
  • Calculation of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using established formulas.
  • Cohort study involving Japanese pediatric patients with Down syndrome.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric DS patients exhibited eGFR approximately 80% of that in healthy Japanese children.
  • This indicates a significant difference in kidney function compared to the general pediatric population.
  • No complications affecting kidney function were present in the studied DS cohort.

Conclusions:

  • Children with Down syndrome demonstrate reduced kidney function compared to healthy children.
  • The findings suggest a potential difference in kidney size or glomerular number in DS patients.
  • Further research into the renal morphology and long-term kidney health of DS individuals is warranted.

Keywords:
Down syndromechildrenglomerular filtration ratekidney function

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