Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Selective Harvesting of Marginating-pulmonary Leukocytes
Published on: March 11, 2016
Sonocrystallization of poly(3-hexylthiophene) in a marginal solvent
Xuan Zhang1, Ying Liu, Xuyan Ma
1Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street No. 19, Beijing 100875, P. R. China. hhuo@bnu.edu.cn.
Abstract:
The application of ultrasonication to P3HT in anisole can dramatically affect the crystallization of P3HT. The ultrasonication conditions were modulated by varying the ultrasonication time, ultrasonication power and ultrasonication temperature. Ultrasonicating at the dissolution temperature (85 °C) causes the concentration of the P3HT solution to fluctuate. When fixing the ultrasonication power at 100 W and ultrasonication time at 3 min, for P3HT crystallized in solution at 16 °C, the crystallization kinetics of ultrasonicated P3HT is slower than that of pristine P3HT. The nanofiber aggregation density and crystallinity of ultrasonicated P3HT are lower than those of pristine P3HT, and the nanofiber aggregation size is larger. For P3HT crystallized in solution at 20 °C, the crystallization kinetics, nanofiber morphology and crystallinity of ultrasonicated P3HT are similar to those of pristine P3HT. For P3HT crystallized in solution at 26 °C, the crystallization kinetics of ultrasonicated P3HT is faster than that of pristine P3HT, the nanofiber aggregation size is larger, and the crystallinity is higher. Fixing the crystallization temperature at 16 °C and varying the ultrasonication time and ultrasonication power can effectively modulate the crystallization kinetics of P3HT. When the P3HT solution is ultrasonicated at the crystallization temperature (16 °C), in addition to fluctuations in the concentration, ultrasonication promotes the disentanglement of P3HT chains. The combination of the two effects of ultrasonication is more beneficial for the crystallization of P3HT when solvophobic forces exist in a marginal solvent.
Related Concept Videos
Solvents
A...
Titration in Nonaqueous Solvents
Margin of Error
ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH3
Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects
The internal reference compound generally used in NMR spectroscopy is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS is preferred because it is chemically inert, soluble in NMR solvents, and easily removable. Also, the highly shielded methyl protons in TMS yield an intense...
Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development
Conservation and Constancy of Quantity
A significant cognitive milestone in the...

