Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 11, 2026
08:56
Synthesis of a Borylated Ibuprofen Derivative Through Suzuki Cross-Coupling and Alkene Boracarboxylation Reactions
Published on: November 30, 2022
3.5K
Cross-coupling polycondensation via C-O or C-N bond cleavage
Ze-Kun Yang1,2, Ning-Xin Xu1, Ryo Takita2
1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
Nature Communications
|April 25, 2018
Summary
Researchers developed a new method for synthesizing π-conjugated polymers using readily available catalysts. This approach enables the creation of high-molecular-weight polymers from unreactive monomers, expanding material possibilities.
Area of Science:
- Polymer Chemistry
- Materials Science
- Organic Electronics
Background:
- π-Conjugated polymers are crucial for organic electronics like solar cells and LEDs.
- Current polymerization methods have limitations in monomer scope and reaction conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a novel, efficient protocol for synthesizing π-conjugated polymers.
- To enable the use of previously unreactive monomers in polymerization.
Main Methods:
- Polycondensation of bifunctional aryl ethers/ammonium salts with aromatic dimetallic compounds.
- Utilizing nickel/palladium (Ni/Pd) catalysis for C-O/C-N bond cleavage under mild conditions.
Main Results:
- Successful synthesis of high-molecular-weight π-conjugated polymers.
- The method is effective for monomers previously unreactive in polymerization.
- Demonstrated potential for transforming abundant natural chemicals into functional polymers.
Conclusions:
- A versatile and mild Ni/Pd-catalyzed polymerization method has been established.
- This protocol broadens the scope of accessible π-conjugated polymers for optoelectronic applications.
- The approach facilitates the development of novel functional materials from diverse chemical feedstocks.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:17Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling
1.5K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.5K
00:57C–C Bond Cleavage: Retro-Aldol Reaction
7.7K
The reverse of the aldol addition reaction is called the retro-aldol reaction. Here, the carbon–carbon bond in the aldol product is cleaved under acidic or basic conditions to form two molecules of carbonyl compounds. The mechanism of the reaction consists of three steps.
In the first step, as depicted in Figure 1, the base deprotonates the β-hydroxy ketone at the hydroxyl group to form an alkoxide ion.
In the first step, as depicted in Figure 1, the base deprotonates the β-hydroxy ketone at the hydroxyl group to form an alkoxide ion.
7.7K
01:20Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)
1.7K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.7K
01:22Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)
1.5K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
1.5K
01:33Cleavage and Blastulation
50.4K
After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
50.4K
02:49Bond Energies and Bond Lengths
31.6K
Stable molecules exist because covalent bonds hold the atoms together. The strength of a covalent bond is measured by the energy required to break it, that is, the energy necessary to separate the bonded atoms. Separating any pair of bonded atoms requires energy — the stronger a bond, the greater the energy required to break it.
31.6K