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Related Concept Videos

Mixing Concrete01:30

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Concrete mixing ensures a homogenous blend where aggregates are well-coated with cement paste. Concrete mixing is typically done using two main types of mixers: batch and continuous. Batch mixers handle one batch at a time, thoroughly combining materials before discharging and receiving the next batch. In contrast, continuous mixers receive a steady flow of ingredients, mixing them consistently and discharging without interruption. Within batch mixers, tilting drum mixers mix with internal...
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The concept of mixing time is significant in producing a uniform concrete mix with the required strength. The mixing period starts once all components are in the mixer. Initially, the mixer is charged with 10% of the water, followed by the consistent addition of solids and then 80% of the water. The remaining water is added later, within the first quarter of the mixing period. The minimum mixing time varies according to the mixer's capacity; for example, mixers with up to 1 cubic yard...
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Ready Mixed Concrete01:26

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Ready-mixed concrete, also known as pre-mixed concrete, is prepared in a centralized plant and then transported in trucks to construction sites where it is ready for placement. This type of concrete is categorized into central-mixed, truck-mixed (or transit-mixed), and shrink-mixed. Central-mixed concrete is entirely prepared at a plant and moved to the site in agitator trucks that rotate at a speed of 2 to 6 rpm. Truck-mixed concrete, on the other hand, has the ingredients batched at the plant...
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Design Example: Vintage Mixing Console01:17

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A sound engineer at a music company recently encountered a problem. The output from their newly acquired studio's vintage mixing console was too low for the requirements of modern recording equipment. To rectify this situation, the engineer decided to design an audio pre-amplifier using an operational amplifier (op-amp) to boost the signal level.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Murine Model of Leukemia Relapse to Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
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Mixed phenotypic acute leukemia.

John R Krause1, Sarah Findeis1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Division of Hematopathology, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas.

Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)
|April 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mixed phenotypic acute leukemias (MPALs) are rare, aggressive blood cancers. This case study details a B/myeloid MPAL, highlighting challenges in diagnosing and treating these difficult-to-classify leukemias.

Keywords:
B/myeloid leukemiamixed lineage leukemiamixed phenotypic acute leukemias

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Immunophenotyping

Background:

  • Mixed phenotypic acute leukemias (MPALs) are rare, heterogeneous hematologic malignancies.
  • MPALs are defined by co-expression of myeloid and lymphoid lineage antigens.
  • These leukemias often exhibit resistance to standard therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a clinical case of acute MPAL.
  • To illustrate the diagnostic challenges in classifying MPALs.
  • To discuss the implications for therapeutic resistance in B/myeloid leukemia.

Main Methods:

  • Case report presentation.
  • Immunophenotypic analysis for antigen expression.
  • Review of diagnostic criteria for MPAL.

Main Results:

  • Diagnosis of acute B/myeloid MPAL in a female patient.
  • Demonstration of mixed lineage antigen expression.
  • Confirmation of MPAL classification challenges.

Conclusions:

  • MPALs require precise immunophenotypic characterization for accurate diagnosis.
  • The case underscores the therapeutic resistance associated with MPAL.
  • Further research into MPAL pathogenesis and treatment is warranted.